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Transcript
Biochem Review Objective 4.1.1 - Compare the structure and function of each of the listed organic molecules in organisms: - Carbohydrates (glucose, cellulose, starch, glycogen) - Proteins (insulin, enzymes, hemoglobin) - Lipids (phospholipids, steroids) - Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) Macromolecules Function Subunits Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids Specific Molecule Starch Function Subunits Cellulose Insulin Glycogen Glucose Enzymes Hemoglobin Fats DNA RNA Describe the following nutrient tests: Nutrient Type of Test Starch Negative Test Positive Test Lipids Monosaccharides Protein Objective 4.1.3 Develop a cause and effect model for the specificity of enzymes. 1. Explain the importance of shape to enzyme function. 2. Explain what determines the shape of an enzyme. 3. Explain why enzymes are specific. 4. Which substrate would fit into the enzyme in the picture above? 5. What do enzymes do to the rate of chemical reactions? How? 6. Look at the graph below and interpret it to determine which temperature range and pH range the enzyme works best in: Common characteristics of enzymes: 7. They usually end in - _____________ 8. They are ___________ - they can be used over, and over again because they are not destroyed and their shape does not change 9. They are ____________ - SHAPE MATTERS!! 10. What is the function of enzymes in biological systems? Why are they necessary for all biochemical reactions? 11. Explain why enzymes can be reused over and over again. 12. How do extreme pH and extreme temperature affect enzymes? 13. Explain the lock-and-key model of enzymes and substrates. Practice Questions 1. What type of organic molecules are enzymes? a. Lipids b. Carbohydrates c. Proteins d. Nucleic Acids 2. What are the subunits of DNA and their function? A. nucleotides that store information B. monosaccharides that provide quick energy for the cell C. lipids that store energy and provide insulation D. proteins that provide the building blocks for the structural components of organisms 3. Which type of molecule do whales use for energy storage and insulation? a. DNA b. Glucose c. Fat d. Starch 4. Which most directly controls to rate at which food is broken down to release energy? a. Enzymes b. Hormones c. Nucleic acids d. Vitamins 5. An iodine solution is placed on the cut side of a potato. Within seconds, a blue-black color appears. What is most likely occurring? A. a positive test for proteins B. a positive test for starches C. a negative test for proteins D. a negative test for starches. The chart describes four classes of compounds. Which class of compounds includes the compound represented in the diagram below? 6. The diagram below show the lock and key model for enzyme activity. A. B. C. D. Which is being demonstrated by this model? An enzyme will only react with a specific substrate. An enzyme will react with a wide range of substrates. An enzyme becomes inactive after it reacts with a substrate. An enzyme reacts to combine substrates into a new product. 7. Structure X represents theā¦?