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C483 Final Exam Study Guide The final will be held in CH 001 at 8
... 6. Explain the logic of these pathway regulations: A. Phosphofructokinase, not hexokinase, is the main regulation site of glycolysis. B. SuccinylCoA inhibits the entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle. ...
... 6. Explain the logic of these pathway regulations: A. Phosphofructokinase, not hexokinase, is the main regulation site of glycolysis. B. SuccinylCoA inhibits the entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle. ...
Chapter 20 Notes
... • Five coenzymes used - TPP, CoASH, Lipoic acid, NAD+, FAD • You know the mechanism if you remember pyruvate dehydrogenase ...
... • Five coenzymes used - TPP, CoASH, Lipoic acid, NAD+, FAD • You know the mechanism if you remember pyruvate dehydrogenase ...
Biochemical Pathways – Legends General Remarks for
... 33) Examples are GSH-homocystine transhydrogenase and protein disulfide reductase. 34) Reduction of nucleoside diphosphates was observed in E. coli and in eukaryotes. Reduction of nucleoside triphosphates takes place in Lactobacillus leichmannii. In E. coli, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase may ...
... 33) Examples are GSH-homocystine transhydrogenase and protein disulfide reductase. 34) Reduction of nucleoside diphosphates was observed in E. coli and in eukaryotes. Reduction of nucleoside triphosphates takes place in Lactobacillus leichmannii. In E. coli, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase may ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... • proposes that the Electron Transport Chain energy is used to move H+ (protons) across the cristae membrane, and • that ATP is generated as the H+ diffuse back into the matrix through ATP Synthase. ...
... • proposes that the Electron Transport Chain energy is used to move H+ (protons) across the cristae membrane, and • that ATP is generated as the H+ diffuse back into the matrix through ATP Synthase. ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... • proposes that the Electron Transport Chain energy is used to move H+ (protons) across the cristae membrane, and • that ATP is generated as the H+ diffuse back into the matrix through ATP Synthase. ...
... • proposes that the Electron Transport Chain energy is used to move H+ (protons) across the cristae membrane, and • that ATP is generated as the H+ diffuse back into the matrix through ATP Synthase. ...
MMG 301, Lecture 19 Fermentation
... to ethanol or lactic acid? • What controls whether a cell is capable of fermenting fatty acids vs sugars (and which types of sugars)? • If a microbe can ferment either of two substrates, what controls the outcome if both substrates are present? • How might pH affect the energetics of fermentation? ...
... to ethanol or lactic acid? • What controls whether a cell is capable of fermenting fatty acids vs sugars (and which types of sugars)? • If a microbe can ferment either of two substrates, what controls the outcome if both substrates are present? • How might pH affect the energetics of fermentation? ...
plasma membrane - Cengage Learning
... ATP transfers energy in many different chemical reactions; almost all metabolic pathways directly or indirectly run on energy supplied by ATP. ATP can donate a phosphate group (phosphorylation) to another molecule, which then becomes primed and energized for specific reactions. ...
... ATP transfers energy in many different chemical reactions; almost all metabolic pathways directly or indirectly run on energy supplied by ATP. ATP can donate a phosphate group (phosphorylation) to another molecule, which then becomes primed and energized for specific reactions. ...
Animal Energetics II PPT
... ETS maintains an electrochemical gradient found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and utilizes it to drive ATP synthesis. ...
... ETS maintains an electrochemical gradient found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and utilizes it to drive ATP synthesis. ...
Bioenergetics and Metabolism
... – involve the transfer of electrons from one compound to another – the oxidation of one compound results in the reduction of another ...
... – involve the transfer of electrons from one compound to another – the oxidation of one compound results in the reduction of another ...
Chapter 16
... 14. Succinate dehydrogenase is the only membrane-bound citric acid enzyme since the covalently bound FADH2 is only oxidized by the electron transport chain reaction. 15. Although the oxaloacetate formation form L-malate is relatively high endergonic reaction, this reaction occurs, because: 1. The [o ...
... 14. Succinate dehydrogenase is the only membrane-bound citric acid enzyme since the covalently bound FADH2 is only oxidized by the electron transport chain reaction. 15. Although the oxaloacetate formation form L-malate is relatively high endergonic reaction, this reaction occurs, because: 1. The [o ...
Exam #1
... Draw the dehydration reaction between two amino acids. First draw each amino acid and indicate the carboxyl group and the amine group on one of them. Indicate the variable part of each amino acid with R1 for the first amino acid, and R2 for the second. Then draw the resulting dipeptide and indicate ...
... Draw the dehydration reaction between two amino acids. First draw each amino acid and indicate the carboxyl group and the amine group on one of them. Indicate the variable part of each amino acid with R1 for the first amino acid, and R2 for the second. Then draw the resulting dipeptide and indicate ...
Detailed Objectives
... Isocitrate dehydrogenase mechanism C. Reactions of cycle D. Overall reaction, oxidative phosphorylation Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain A. Enzyme complexes B. Electron carriers; electron flow C. Proton gradient generation; proton flow D. Free energy of proton transport E. ATP synthase ...
... Isocitrate dehydrogenase mechanism C. Reactions of cycle D. Overall reaction, oxidative phosphorylation Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain A. Enzyme complexes B. Electron carriers; electron flow C. Proton gradient generation; proton flow D. Free energy of proton transport E. ATP synthase ...
Review for Final Summer 2008
... what type of transport is energy required for? What is the diffusion of water called? endocytosis & exocytosis (define; do they require energy?) ...
... what type of transport is energy required for? What is the diffusion of water called? endocytosis & exocytosis (define; do they require energy?) ...
Power Point - Science Olympiad
... Also known as the carbon fixation stage, this part of the photosynthetic process occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. Major purpose - use energy from light reactions to fix CO2 into organic molecules ...
... Also known as the carbon fixation stage, this part of the photosynthetic process occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. Major purpose - use energy from light reactions to fix CO2 into organic molecules ...
Cell Biology
... Also known as the carbon fixation stage, this part of the photosynthetic process occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. Major purpose - use energy from light reactions to fix CO2 into organic molecules ...
... Also known as the carbon fixation stage, this part of the photosynthetic process occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. Major purpose - use energy from light reactions to fix CO2 into organic molecules ...
Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... • Fatty Acids (FA) and Triglycerides (TG) – high density energy store ...
... • Fatty Acids (FA) and Triglycerides (TG) – high density energy store ...
Ch 9 Text Study Guide
... The ICrebs cycle begins when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the mitochondrion. One carbon atom from pyruvic acid becomes part of a molecule of carbon dioxide, which is eventually released into the air. The carbon dioxide released during the Krebs cycle is the source of much of the carbon ...
... The ICrebs cycle begins when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the mitochondrion. One carbon atom from pyruvic acid becomes part of a molecule of carbon dioxide, which is eventually released into the air. The carbon dioxide released during the Krebs cycle is the source of much of the carbon ...
Chapter 2 - FacultyWeb
... In cells, glucose, a six-carbon molecule, is converted into two three-carbon molecules by a reaction that releases energy. How would you classify this reaction? ...
... In cells, glucose, a six-carbon molecule, is converted into two three-carbon molecules by a reaction that releases energy. How would you classify this reaction? ...
Cell Structure
... endergonic(ex. Protein synthesis) • Endergonic reactions require input of energy. • Energy released by exergonic reactions drive endergonic reactions=coupled reactions ...
... endergonic(ex. Protein synthesis) • Endergonic reactions require input of energy. • Energy released by exergonic reactions drive endergonic reactions=coupled reactions ...
The Chemistry of Life
... a. All enzymes are catalysts, but not all catalysts are enzymes b. Most are proteins c. Speed up reaction or reduce activation energy required ...
... a. All enzymes are catalysts, but not all catalysts are enzymes b. Most are proteins c. Speed up reaction or reduce activation energy required ...
Energy Production
... It produces ATP to support continuos muscle activity for longer than 90-120 seconds. The availability of oxygen through the process of respiration is vital. Without oxygen ATP cannot be supplied. Through glycolysis, pyruvic acid is supplied, with the presence of oxygen, it is converted to acetyl Coe ...
... It produces ATP to support continuos muscle activity for longer than 90-120 seconds. The availability of oxygen through the process of respiration is vital. Without oxygen ATP cannot be supplied. Through glycolysis, pyruvic acid is supplied, with the presence of oxygen, it is converted to acetyl Coe ...
classsssssss
... to your touch, indicating an extremely high fever. You learn that her lab has been working on metabolic inhibitors and that there is a high likelihood that she accidentally ingested one. Which one of the following is the most likely culprit? ...
... to your touch, indicating an extremely high fever. You learn that her lab has been working on metabolic inhibitors and that there is a high likelihood that she accidentally ingested one. Which one of the following is the most likely culprit? ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.