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BI 200 - Exam #1
Summer 2002
Name
Lab Section. Seat#
Disclaimer
Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (e.g., multiple
choice). You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have
merit, you may receive partial or full credit.
Multiple choice. 2 point each
1.
A. The five principle characteristics of living cells are nutrition (metabolism),
growth (reproduction), motility, chemical signaling, and evolution.
B. The chemical reactions of cells are carried out by specialized proteins called
enzymes.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
only (A) is true
only (B) is true
both (A) and (B) are true
neither (A) nor (B) are true
2. DNA polymerase is responsible for:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
translation
DNA replication
transcription
all of the above
none of the above
3. E. coli is about _______ in length.
a.
b.
c.
d.
0.2 m
0.2 mm
2 m
2 mm
4. Viruses might not be considered “alive” because
a.
b.
c.
d.
they don’t move
they don’t carry out replication
they don’t carry out metabolism
they can’t change or evolve
5. Which is not true about the peptide interbridge structures of peptidoglycan?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
formation is prevented by lysozyme
Gram positives like Staphylococcus aureus contain pentaglycine interbridges
meso-diaminopimelic acid is present
rare D-amino acids are present
none of the above, all are true.
6. Which of the following is not part of Lipopolysaccharide?
a.
b.
c.
d.
N-acetyltalosaminouronic acid
O-specific polysaccharide
Lipid A
Core polysaccharide
7. Translation is carried out by _______________ and occurs at the ____________ in
eukaryotic cells.
a.
b.
c.
d.
RNA polymerase; endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome; endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome; nucleus
none of the above, eukaryotes do not have a nucleus or endoplasmic reticulum
8. Which base pairings are correct, and the number of hydrogen bonds correct?
a.
b.
c.
d.
C+T, 3
C+G, 2
C+G, 3
C+A, 3
9. In a piece of double stranded DNA 35% of the nucleotides are adenosine. Which of
the following is not true for the piece of DNA?
a.
b.
c.
d.
There is 0% uracil
There is 35% guanine.
There is 15% cytosine.
There is 35% thymine.
Give the means of entry into the cell in each of the following cases.
10. Maltose enters the cell with the help of three proteins: a periplasmic binding protein,
a channel protein in the membrane, and an ATP kinase on the inside of the cell.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Passive diffusion
Primary active transport
Secondary active transport
Group translocation
“ABC” transport
11. Glucose is chemically altered upon entering the cell.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Group translocation
12. Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from high concentration to
low concentration.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Group translocation
13. Glycerol enters the cell by moving from high concentration to low concentration, and
does show saturation kinetics.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Group translocation
14. Lactose enters the cell at the same time as a proton.
a.
b.
c.
d.
primary active transport
secondary active transport - uniporter
secondary active transport - symporter
secondary active transport - antiporter
Write the entire word TRUE or the entire word FALSE before each of these statements as
appropriate. 2 points each.
___________15. 0.1 mm is equal to 10 m
___________16. 1->4 Glycosidic bonds are digestible by most of the higher animals.
___________17. DNA is single stranded in prokaryotes and double stranded in
eukaryotes.
___________18. Bacterial chromosomes are typically circular.
___________19. The E. coli chromosome codes for about 100,000 genes.
___________20. Cell membranes are rigid structures that determine the shape of the
cell.
___________21. The larger the organism, the more the plasmids it has.
___________22. Bacteria have two copies of a single chromosome.
___________23. Histone proteins occur in supercoiled eukaryotic chromosomes.
___________24. Eukaryotes have one copy each of multiple chromosomes
___________25. The hydrophobic portion of archaean phospholipids contain phytanyls
made of isoprene subunits.
26. Match the scientist with their contribution to microbiology. 4 points
_____ Koch
A. First to make detailed observation of microbes
_____ Ventner
B. Enrichment culture method
_____ Fleming
C. Study of hot springs bacteria
_____ Woese
D. Discovery of archaea
_____ Beijerinck
E. Importance of hygiene
_____ Lister
F. Discovered the cause of Anthrax
_____ Brock
G. Sequenced genomes – made money
_____ van Leuuwenhoek
H. Discovered penicillin
Fill in the table. Compare and contrast flagella in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 4 points
Property
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
What is the name of the
protein(s) they are
composed of?
How thick is each flagellum
in m?
What is the form of energy
used, ATP or Proton
Gradient (H+)?
How do the flagella move?
What man-made structures
do they resemble?
Make a drawing of a bacterium showing lophotrichous flagella, and a ciliate protozoa. 2
pts.
What are the four steps or tests a microbe must pass in order for it to be shown to cause a
disease? (What are Koch’s postulates?) 4 points
1.
2.
3.
4.
Draw the dehydration reaction between two amino acids. First draw each amino acid and
indicate the carboxyl group and the amine group on one of them. Indicate the variable
part of each amino acid with R1 for the first amino acid, and R2 for the second. Then
draw the resulting dipeptide and indicate the peptide bond. What molecules are removed
(what is the other product of the reaction) and what word is used to describe this type of
reaction? 6 points
Draw the arrangement of the gram negative cell envelope. Indicate the following things:
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoprotein, peptidoglycan, porins, cytoplasmic and outer
membranes, membrane proteins, phospholipids, periplasm, and cytoplasm. (5 pts).
Use the above terms (LPS, lipoprotein, etc.) to complete the following sentences. 5 pts.
________________________ serves to anchor the outer membrane to the cell wall.
________________________ causes fever in warm-blooded animals.
________________________ allow entry of monomer molecules, like sugars and amino
acids, to enter the periplasm.
Binding proteins of “ABC” transport systems are found in the _____________________.
________________________ are typically composed of hydrophobic fatty acids,
glycerol, and phosphate.
The following table describes the attributes of seven types of microorganisms as described in class. Complete the table by filling in
the empty boxes (1 point per box). Examples of each type of response are already given in several of the boxes. Be specific and
thorough. There will be partial credit. 20 points total – including 2 free points.
Trait
Archaea
Cell type
Bacteria
Algae
Prokaryotic
Single, multicellular, or
both?
Typical Cell
Wall
(give polymer
if appropriate)
Include
pathogens?
Major
microscopic
subgroups
Single
Lipid linkages
Ether
Metazoans
Eukaryotic
Single or
multicellular
Eukaryotic
Acellular
Chitin (1->4)
NAG
Yes
Rare
Gram positive, Green algae,
Gram negative Golden-brown
(diatoms)
NAM = N-acetyl muramic acid, NAG = N-acetyl glucosamine.
Eukaryotic
Single
Protein,
pseudomurine,
none
Yes
Yes
Sarcodina,
Flagellates,
Sporozoa,
Ciliata
Yeasts,
Molds
Ester
Viruses, etc.
None
(Protein
capsule 
envelope)
Various
Bacteriophage
Animal
viruses
Plant viruses
Ester
None
Bonus 2 points each. Discuss the article “Earth’s Dominant Life Form Is Also Its
Smallest: the Microbe” by answering the following questions.
Since the human fetus is germ-free, how is it colonized by bacteria and other microbes
after birth?
Discuss the density of microbial populations in and on the human body. About how
many species of bacteria are present? Are they dangerous?
Name three areas of the body that are heavily colonized.
Name two of the researchers mentioned and where they do their research.