Download Notes on chemistry of life

2.1 The Nature of Matter
• LT: Today I will…
– Identify the three
subatomic particles
found in atoms
– Describe the two
main types of
chemical bonds
Word
Atom
Nucleus
Electron
Proton
Element
Compound
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Valence electrons
FQ: What are atoms and what
are they made of?
ET: take out your vocabulary flipper
from Friday. Review all the terms.
Atoms: Smallest building blocks of matter
• Atoms are the
building blocks of
elements. They are
made of 3 subatomic particles
– Protons
– Neutrons
– Electrons
Sub-Atomic Particles
Elements and Compounds
Elements
• Pure substances composed
of only one type of atom
Compounds
• Pure substances composed
of two or more elements,
chemically combined, in a
set ratio/proportion.
Valence Electrons
• Electrons located in an atoms outermost
“shell” that are used to bond with other atoms
• Bonds can be with atoms of the same element
like O2 or can be with other elements like CO2
Chemical Bonds
• Ionic Bonds: Give or
take electrons
Chemical Bonds
• Covalent bonds share electrons
EXIT TICKET
• Draw a basic atom and include
the following
– The 3 different sub-atomic particles
– The charges next to those particles
Note: the number of each does not
matter
Homework
• Read section 2.3
• Take notes on the following
– What is a…
•
•
•
•
Protein
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic acid
Friday 11/11 - 2.2 Properties of Water
• LT: Today I will…
– Explain polarity
– Explain what makes a
water molecule polar
• ET: What is responsible
for the making and
breaking of chemical
bonds? Please explain
your answer
Your POGIL is your
notes for this section
and should be in
your notebook
2.3 – Carbon (organic) Compounds
• Lt: Today I will…
– Describe the unique
qualities of carbon
– Describe the
structures and
functions of each of
the four groups of
macromolecules
• ET: What elements does
carbon bond with that
make up life’s
molecules?
Why Carbon?
• 4 valence electrons – easily forms
covalent bonds with other elements
• Bonds with other carbons
• Can form large complex structures
Macromolecules (large molecules)
Carbohydrates
• The main source of energy for
living things
– Monomer: Monosaccharide ex.
Glucose
– Polymer: Polysaccharide ex.
Starch
• Store energy, biological membranes,
waterproof coverings
Lipids
– Monomers: Glycerol and Fatty acids
– Polymers: Triglycerides
• Saturated VS. Unsaturated Fats
Nucleic Acids
• Store and transmit hereditary, or
genetic, information (DNA).
– Monomer: Nucleotide
– Polymer: DNA
Proteins
• Proteins control the rates of
reactions, regulate cell
processes, and transport
substances into or out of
the cell
– Ex. Enzymes are proteins that
do “stuff”
– Monomer: Amino Acids
– Polymers: Polypeptides
(peptide bonds)
In your body…
Enzymes and Chemical reactions
• LT: Today I will
– Explain why enzymes are
important to living things
– Identify the parts of a
chemical reaction
– Explain what chemical
reactions do
• ET: Get your conclusions
out and be prepared to
share them.
• Write down the following
words and leave room to
add definitions in your
notes
–
–
–
–
–
Activation energy
Reactant
Product
Enzyme
Substrate
Enzymes: Speed up chemical reactions
by reducing the energy needed to start
the reaction. (lower the activation energy)
Enzyme/Temperature Lab
• Will work with a bin at table groups *except
hot plate groups
• Clean up: rinse out graduated cylinders in the
sink
• Safety: goggles
Enzyme Structure
Quiz Tomorrow on
organic compounds
and enzymes
Chemical Reactions
• Produce new substances by rearranging atoms
• Parts of a chemical reaction = Reactants and
Products
NA + Cl
NaCl
Sugar + flour
+ eggs
Homeostasis
• Maintaining a constant internal environment
• How does your body do this?
• It uses a process called FEEDBACK
– 2 types of feedback are
1. Negative – works to maintain a baseline level
ex. Your every day stuff like maintaining temperature
2. Positive – works to push way passed a baseline level
ex. Rarer events like child birth
Lab Question: At what temperature
does the enzyme catalase work best?
• The reaction
• Why? Our cells produce a lot of this when
they are carryout regular cellular function as a
waste product so we have to get rid of it