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Exam 3 Review
... • Know overall reaction equation, including how many ATP, NADH, and pyruvate are formed. • Given the structure of each intermediate in the pathway, explain what is happening chemically in each step, the type of reaction(s), and the type of enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 11. Explain the th ...
... • Know overall reaction equation, including how many ATP, NADH, and pyruvate are formed. • Given the structure of each intermediate in the pathway, explain what is happening chemically in each step, the type of reaction(s), and the type of enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 11. Explain the th ...
Lecture 35 - Lipid Metabolism 1
... • The three sources of triacylglycerols in animals are dietary lipids, stored triacylglycerols in adipose tissue, and fatty acids synthesized in the liver. -oxidation is the mitochondrial process by which fatty acids are oxidized to yield NADH, FADH2, and acetyl-CoA. • Ketogenesis takes place in ...
... • The three sources of triacylglycerols in animals are dietary lipids, stored triacylglycerols in adipose tissue, and fatty acids synthesized in the liver. -oxidation is the mitochondrial process by which fatty acids are oxidized to yield NADH, FADH2, and acetyl-CoA. • Ketogenesis takes place in ...
Energy Transfer and Glycolysis Cellular Respiration • Remember
... Remember that there are four stages that occur in three different places within the cell 1. Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2. Pyruvate Oxidation: occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion 3. Kreb Cycle: occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion 4. Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: occur on ...
... Remember that there are four stages that occur in three different places within the cell 1. Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2. Pyruvate Oxidation: occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion 3. Kreb Cycle: occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion 4. Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: occur on ...
8.1 Glycolysis Know the overall reaction: the materials that go in
... Either arrows will be given and you will have to add bonds and charges, or Starting and ending structures will be given, and you will have to draw arrows. Understand the roles of the molecules in the active site of the enzymes. Understand why certain molecules would encourage or inhibit glycolysis. ...
... Either arrows will be given and you will have to add bonds and charges, or Starting and ending structures will be given, and you will have to draw arrows. Understand the roles of the molecules in the active site of the enzymes. Understand why certain molecules would encourage or inhibit glycolysis. ...
AP Chapter 5A WS - TJ
... c. Lactose 9. Polymers of sugars form 10. Which forms of polysaccharide is best for each function: a. Strength of structure b. Storage and sugar release c. What biological theme is this addressing? ...
... c. Lactose 9. Polymers of sugars form 10. Which forms of polysaccharide is best for each function: a. Strength of structure b. Storage and sugar release c. What biological theme is this addressing? ...
Intermediary Metabolism of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat
... down the concentration gradient from the blood. Glut1 is present in most cells. Glut4 is the dominant transporter in muscle and fat cells. It is stimulated by insulin and also by anoxia or low energy state in a process that involves translocation of Glut4 in intracellular vesicles to the plasma memb ...
... down the concentration gradient from the blood. Glut1 is present in most cells. Glut4 is the dominant transporter in muscle and fat cells. It is stimulated by insulin and also by anoxia or low energy state in a process that involves translocation of Glut4 in intracellular vesicles to the plasma memb ...
sheet#11
... phosphorylation "in muscles and brain". Pyruvate can also be converted to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase to maintain the intermediates of the citric acid cycle. Also this reaction is the first step in gluconeogenesis (which will be studied later). Note that glycolysis produces 2 molecules of N ...
... phosphorylation "in muscles and brain". Pyruvate can also be converted to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase to maintain the intermediates of the citric acid cycle. Also this reaction is the first step in gluconeogenesis (which will be studied later). Note that glycolysis produces 2 molecules of N ...
Chapter 15 Cori and Alanine Cycles: Cori Cycle: Occurs between
... →fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase is activated by citrate (citrate reports on the status of the TCA cycle and high levels indicate an energy rich situation), and inhibited by AMP and F-2,6-BP. →pyruvate carboxylase is activated by acetyl-CoA (indicates that TCA cycle is producing energy and biosynthetic ...
... →fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase is activated by citrate (citrate reports on the status of the TCA cycle and high levels indicate an energy rich situation), and inhibited by AMP and F-2,6-BP. →pyruvate carboxylase is activated by acetyl-CoA (indicates that TCA cycle is producing energy and biosynthetic ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism Glucose Metabolism Oxidation of Glucose
... Phosphofructokinase-1 ( PFK-1 ) is the key rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis . The activity of this enzyme is controlled as follows : A - PFK-1 is inhibited by : 1 - allosterically inhibited by high ATP level . 2 - feed-back inhibition by the product Citrate ( allosteric inhibition ) . 3 - low pH ( ...
... Phosphofructokinase-1 ( PFK-1 ) is the key rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis . The activity of this enzyme is controlled as follows : A - PFK-1 is inhibited by : 1 - allosterically inhibited by high ATP level . 2 - feed-back inhibition by the product Citrate ( allosteric inhibition ) . 3 - low pH ( ...
Patient Handout
... What is this medicine used for? Lipotropic injections are used to help release fat deposits in some parts of the body. Some of these areas include the stomach, inner thighs, neck, buttocks and hips. Lipotropic, or fat burning, substances include methionine which helps the liver remove fat; inositol, ...
... What is this medicine used for? Lipotropic injections are used to help release fat deposits in some parts of the body. Some of these areas include the stomach, inner thighs, neck, buttocks and hips. Lipotropic, or fat burning, substances include methionine which helps the liver remove fat; inositol, ...
metabolism in muscle and nerves
... Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex •E1 - a (thiamine dependent) and subunits, a2 2 tetramer •E2 - monomer (lipoate dependent) •E3 - dimer (riboflavin dependent) common to aKGDH and BCαKDH •X protein - lipoate dependent •Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase ...
... Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex •E1 - a (thiamine dependent) and subunits, a2 2 tetramer •E2 - monomer (lipoate dependent) •E3 - dimer (riboflavin dependent) common to aKGDH and BCαKDH •X protein - lipoate dependent •Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase ...
Unique plant respiration
... Glycolysis • Conversion of hexoses to pyruvate • Anaerobic process that occurs in the cytosol Glycolysis Glucose + 2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2P 2 Pyruvate + 2NADH + 2H+ 2H2O Fate of pyruvate • If oxygen is present (i.e., conditions are aerobic), pyruvate will cross the mitochondrial membrane and enter the mito ...
... Glycolysis • Conversion of hexoses to pyruvate • Anaerobic process that occurs in the cytosol Glycolysis Glucose + 2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2P 2 Pyruvate + 2NADH + 2H+ 2H2O Fate of pyruvate • If oxygen is present (i.e., conditions are aerobic), pyruvate will cross the mitochondrial membrane and enter the mito ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... 1. In animal, AA undergo oxidative degradation in three different metabolic circumstance - The normal degradation of cellular protein - A diet is rich in protein - When carbohydrates are either unavailable, cellular proteins are used as fuel 2.AA lose their amino groups to form a-keto acid 3.a-keto ...
... 1. In animal, AA undergo oxidative degradation in three different metabolic circumstance - The normal degradation of cellular protein - A diet is rich in protein - When carbohydrates are either unavailable, cellular proteins are used as fuel 2.AA lose their amino groups to form a-keto acid 3.a-keto ...
Biochemistry Lect 4 – N.42 – Lipid metabolism
... dietary lipids are carried to liver. From the liver, they are transported to cell in bound form with albumin. (b) Endogenous sources As mentioned above, free fatty acids formed from body TG are used for energy production. Though the plasma free fatty acid level is lower than blood glucose level they ...
... dietary lipids are carried to liver. From the liver, they are transported to cell in bound form with albumin. (b) Endogenous sources As mentioned above, free fatty acids formed from body TG are used for energy production. Though the plasma free fatty acid level is lower than blood glucose level they ...
Chapter 9.5 and 9.6
... The cell doesn’t waste energy making more of a particular substance than it needs. The most common mechanism for this control is feedback inhibition: the end product of the anabolic pathway inhibits the enzyme that catalyzes an early step of the pathway Cellular respiration is controlled by all ...
... The cell doesn’t waste energy making more of a particular substance than it needs. The most common mechanism for this control is feedback inhibition: the end product of the anabolic pathway inhibits the enzyme that catalyzes an early step of the pathway Cellular respiration is controlled by all ...
Anaerobic Fermentation
... Lack of Oxygen in mitochondria Oxygen = final electron acceptor in aerobic resp If no O2 oxidizes the last protein in e- transport ...
... Lack of Oxygen in mitochondria Oxygen = final electron acceptor in aerobic resp If no O2 oxidizes the last protein in e- transport ...
Lipids and Carbohydrates
... available. When energy is no longer readily available to a plant, these starches are broken down through hydrolysis reactions to make glucose available to the plant to keep it alive temporarily. Humans use this adaptation in plants by harvesting and eating plants’ starches. Corn, rice, potatoes, and ...
... available. When energy is no longer readily available to a plant, these starches are broken down through hydrolysis reactions to make glucose available to the plant to keep it alive temporarily. Humans use this adaptation in plants by harvesting and eating plants’ starches. Corn, rice, potatoes, and ...
Abstract_Metabolomic_RFMF
... they are small compounds (between 100 and 1000 Da) found in organisms that have an important part in cells live and survival. They can be identified with different technics such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance or Mass Spectrometry. Each of them is different at a biological level and can have a specifi ...
... they are small compounds (between 100 and 1000 Da) found in organisms that have an important part in cells live and survival. They can be identified with different technics such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance or Mass Spectrometry. Each of them is different at a biological level and can have a specifi ...
notes - Main
... 1. Amino acids, under the influence of human growth hormone and insulin, enter body cells by active transport. 2. Inside cells, amino acids are synthesized into proteins that function as enzymes, transport molecules, antibodies, clotting chemicals, hormones, contractile elements in muscle fibers, an ...
... 1. Amino acids, under the influence of human growth hormone and insulin, enter body cells by active transport. 2. Inside cells, amino acids are synthesized into proteins that function as enzymes, transport molecules, antibodies, clotting chemicals, hormones, contractile elements in muscle fibers, an ...
ch25 Metabolism
... 1. Amino acids, under the influence of human growth hormone and insulin, enter body cells by active transport. 2. Inside cells, amino acids are synthesized into proteins that function as enzymes, transport molecules, antibodies, clotting chemicals, hormones, contractile elements in muscle fibers, an ...
... 1. Amino acids, under the influence of human growth hormone and insulin, enter body cells by active transport. 2. Inside cells, amino acids are synthesized into proteins that function as enzymes, transport molecules, antibodies, clotting chemicals, hormones, contractile elements in muscle fibers, an ...
McLovin`s Wisdom #1 – The Kidney, Diabetes Type 1 DM Type 2
... splenomegaly, mental retardation). Pyruvate acetyl coa with pyruvate dehydrogenase (one NADH produced) ...
... splenomegaly, mental retardation). Pyruvate acetyl coa with pyruvate dehydrogenase (one NADH produced) ...
here
... Read Chapter 9 in Campbell & Reece. Answer the following questions. Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle HW 1. Contrast glycolysis with cell respiration, citing such factors as locale, oxygen use, energy yields, and type of phosphorylation used. 2. Briefly describe the two means by which ADP is phosphorylated. ...
... Read Chapter 9 in Campbell & Reece. Answer the following questions. Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle HW 1. Contrast glycolysis with cell respiration, citing such factors as locale, oxygen use, energy yields, and type of phosphorylation used. 2. Briefly describe the two means by which ADP is phosphorylated. ...
Cellular Respiration Scenarios – Teacher Answers
... 1) A person has just experienced a stroke cutting off oxygen to certain parts of the brain. Describe the events that would occur leading to the death of brain cells. B/c oxygen is not available there would be a back up of electrons in the ETC (similar to a traffic jam waiting for the ferry). All eve ...
... 1) A person has just experienced a stroke cutting off oxygen to certain parts of the brain. Describe the events that would occur leading to the death of brain cells. B/c oxygen is not available there would be a back up of electrons in the ETC (similar to a traffic jam waiting for the ferry). All eve ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.