Study Guide for Chapter 5 in Fox
... What happens to glucose immediately as it enters a cell? Glucose could be stored in a cell as a molecule of ____________ In what 2 tissues is this storage most likely to occur? If glucose-6-P is to be broken down (catabolized), It is 1st converted into___________ Be able to summarize the process of ...
... What happens to glucose immediately as it enters a cell? Glucose could be stored in a cell as a molecule of ____________ In what 2 tissues is this storage most likely to occur? If glucose-6-P is to be broken down (catabolized), It is 1st converted into___________ Be able to summarize the process of ...
lecture notes-metabolism pathways-web
... Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or (Krebs) or (Citric acid cycle) ...
... Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or (Krebs) or (Citric acid cycle) ...
Available
... The synthesis of citrulline requires a prior activation of carbon and nitrogen as carbamoyl phosphate (CP). The activation step requires 2 equivalents of ATP and the mitochondrial matrix enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-I (CPS-I). There are two CP synthetases: a mitochondrial enzyme, CPS-I, whi ...
... The synthesis of citrulline requires a prior activation of carbon and nitrogen as carbamoyl phosphate (CP). The activation step requires 2 equivalents of ATP and the mitochondrial matrix enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-I (CPS-I). There are two CP synthetases: a mitochondrial enzyme, CPS-I, whi ...
SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRY - Georgia Institute of Technology
... Covalent Modifications Glycogen Phosphorylase cAMP activates PKA Glucagon stimulates this process ...
... Covalent Modifications Glycogen Phosphorylase cAMP activates PKA Glucagon stimulates this process ...
glycogen, calcification
... stored in the liver. Glucagon activates hepatic gluconeogenesis. Non-hexose substrates such as amino acids are converted to glucose. Glucagon also appears to have a minor effect of enhancing lipolysis of triglyceride in adipose tissue. ...
... stored in the liver. Glucagon activates hepatic gluconeogenesis. Non-hexose substrates such as amino acids are converted to glucose. Glucagon also appears to have a minor effect of enhancing lipolysis of triglyceride in adipose tissue. ...
Synthesis and elongation of fatty acids
... • Function of the Elops Fen2p and Sur4p in elongation • Gene-enzyme relationships in FA elongation • Assignment of the β-hydroxyacyldehydratase • How is the length of the fatty acid determined? to be presented by: Agon Hyseni Tessa Quax Bastiaan Bijl Myrthe Braam ...
... • Function of the Elops Fen2p and Sur4p in elongation • Gene-enzyme relationships in FA elongation • Assignment of the β-hydroxyacyldehydratase • How is the length of the fatty acid determined? to be presented by: Agon Hyseni Tessa Quax Bastiaan Bijl Myrthe Braam ...
Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway
... • Glycolysis not only supplies energy but also metabolites, hence it must be tightly ...
... • Glycolysis not only supplies energy but also metabolites, hence it must be tightly ...
Slide 1
... Proteins are assembled from a pool of 20 different amino acids The body synthesizes amino acids from other compounds in the body Only about half the necessary types of amino acids can be produced by the body; the rest are supplied through diet; found in both meat and ...
... Proteins are assembled from a pool of 20 different amino acids The body synthesizes amino acids from other compounds in the body Only about half the necessary types of amino acids can be produced by the body; the rest are supplied through diet; found in both meat and ...
Hormonal regulation and pathologies of carbohydrate metabolism
... High levels of ATP allosterically inhibit the phosphofructokinase 1 in the liver lowering its affinity for fructose 6-phosphate. AMP reverses the inhibitory action of ATP, and so the activity of the enzyme increases when the ATP/AMP ratio is lowered (glycolysis is stimulated as the energy charge fa ...
... High levels of ATP allosterically inhibit the phosphofructokinase 1 in the liver lowering its affinity for fructose 6-phosphate. AMP reverses the inhibitory action of ATP, and so the activity of the enzyme increases when the ATP/AMP ratio is lowered (glycolysis is stimulated as the energy charge fa ...
146/18 = 8.1 ATP/carbon Atom. For Lauric acid
... When a person is well fed (balance of carbohydrates and fats and proteins), fatty acid oxidation is slowed and the acids are linked to glycerol and are stored in fat cells for use in times of special need. Fatty acid oxidation becomes important when glucose supplies begin to be depleted, for example ...
... When a person is well fed (balance of carbohydrates and fats and proteins), fatty acid oxidation is slowed and the acids are linked to glycerol and are stored in fat cells for use in times of special need. Fatty acid oxidation becomes important when glucose supplies begin to be depleted, for example ...
Answer Key - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... was shorter because of the presence of a new enzyme catalyzing the reaction glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ 3-phosphoglycerate + NADH + H+. Would shortening the glycolytic pathway in this way benefit the cell? Explain. No. There would be no anaerobic productions of ATP; aerobic ATP production wo ...
... was shorter because of the presence of a new enzyme catalyzing the reaction glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ 3-phosphoglycerate + NADH + H+. Would shortening the glycolytic pathway in this way benefit the cell? Explain. No. There would be no anaerobic productions of ATP; aerobic ATP production wo ...
Exam #2 BMB 514 – Medical Biochemistry 10/10/11
... 1) Cancer cells have a higher rate of glycolysis than their neighboring normal cells. One reason for this increased rate is the over-expression of hexokinase (HK). Given that most tumors have a limited supply of glucose because of their inadequate vasculature, which statement below correctly describ ...
... 1) Cancer cells have a higher rate of glycolysis than their neighboring normal cells. One reason for this increased rate is the over-expression of hexokinase (HK). Given that most tumors have a limited supply of glucose because of their inadequate vasculature, which statement below correctly describ ...
(,umoles/g. fresh wt./min. at 250)
... activity play a key role in the regulation of gluconeogenesis, and account in particular for the fact that gluconeogenesis ceases when the stores of carbohydrate in the liver, muscle and other tissues are 'full' to capacity, and when any surplus of carbohydrate is either oxidized to completion or co ...
... activity play a key role in the regulation of gluconeogenesis, and account in particular for the fact that gluconeogenesis ceases when the stores of carbohydrate in the liver, muscle and other tissues are 'full' to capacity, and when any surplus of carbohydrate is either oxidized to completion or co ...
1 - SMIC Nutrition Science
... in sufficient oxygen to support the electron transport chain’s continued generation of ATP. Answer (key points): When endurance athletes cannot take in enough oxygen to meet the body’s demands for the large amounts of oxygen needed to produce ATP via the electron transport chain, pyruvate remains in ...
... in sufficient oxygen to support the electron transport chain’s continued generation of ATP. Answer (key points): When endurance athletes cannot take in enough oxygen to meet the body’s demands for the large amounts of oxygen needed to produce ATP via the electron transport chain, pyruvate remains in ...
Nutrition Support
... Wound healing and tissue repair Collagen synthesis, wound healing Metabolism, carbohydrate utilization Essential for protein synthesis Wound healing, immune function, protein synthesis Antioxidant Required for synthesis and replacement of red blood cells ...
... Wound healing and tissue repair Collagen synthesis, wound healing Metabolism, carbohydrate utilization Essential for protein synthesis Wound healing, immune function, protein synthesis Antioxidant Required for synthesis and replacement of red blood cells ...
Energy
... receptors fail to recognize insulin. Drugs that increase either insulin or insulin receptor levels are an effective treatment because more of the undamaged receptors are put to work. • Type I diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease, a condition in which the body misidentifies some part of it ...
... receptors fail to recognize insulin. Drugs that increase either insulin or insulin receptor levels are an effective treatment because more of the undamaged receptors are put to work. • Type I diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease, a condition in which the body misidentifies some part of it ...
Regeneration of NAD+ Lactic Acid Fermentation
... Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 Lactate + 2 ATP • Lactate is excreted into the blood and sent to the liver for further metabolism. ...
... Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 Lactate + 2 ATP • Lactate is excreted into the blood and sent to the liver for further metabolism. ...
presentation source
... substrate level phosphorylation only during glycolysis. ONLY 2 ATPs per glucose yielded • Aerobic respiration yields ATP via both substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. Up to 30+ ATPs yielded per glucose! ...
... substrate level phosphorylation only during glycolysis. ONLY 2 ATPs per glucose yielded • Aerobic respiration yields ATP via both substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. Up to 30+ ATPs yielded per glucose! ...
Metabolic diseases of the liver
... of amino acid metabolism of bile acid synthesis and metabolism of carbohydrate metabolism of bile flow and excretion of mitochondrial function of peroxisomal function of copper metabolism ...
... of amino acid metabolism of bile acid synthesis and metabolism of carbohydrate metabolism of bile flow and excretion of mitochondrial function of peroxisomal function of copper metabolism ...
Glucose
... To ensure a readily available supply, liver and muscle cells store carbohydrate as glycogen . Glycogen is stored hydrated with water; thus the water makes glycogen large, cumbersome, and unsuitable for long-term energy storage. The 70-kg "average" man stores only an IS-hour fuel supply as glycogen, ...
... To ensure a readily available supply, liver and muscle cells store carbohydrate as glycogen . Glycogen is stored hydrated with water; thus the water makes glycogen large, cumbersome, and unsuitable for long-term energy storage. The 70-kg "average" man stores only an IS-hour fuel supply as glycogen, ...
Triacylglycerol Metabolism Gone Bad: A major cause of disease
... – Rate limiting reaction for fatty acid synthesis – ACC1 is a liver isozyme – Small amounts of ACC2 are present in muscle where malonyl-CoA has a regulatory function (Fatty acid oxidation) ...
... – Rate limiting reaction for fatty acid synthesis – ACC1 is a liver isozyme – Small amounts of ACC2 are present in muscle where malonyl-CoA has a regulatory function (Fatty acid oxidation) ...
H 2 O
... The Warburg Effect • In oncology, the Warburg effect is that most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation in the cytosol, rather than by a comparatively low rate of glycolysis followed by oxidation of pyruvate in mitochondria like ...
... The Warburg Effect • In oncology, the Warburg effect is that most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation in the cytosol, rather than by a comparatively low rate of glycolysis followed by oxidation of pyruvate in mitochondria like ...
Chapter 19 Lipid Metabolism
... →When the ketone bodies are used for fuel, they are converted back to acetyl-CoA which enters the TCA cycle. → Diabetics produce acetoacetate faster than can be metabolized, so their breath will smell like acetone. → A high amount of ketone bodies in the blood can lead to ketosis (acidosis) over tim ...
... →When the ketone bodies are used for fuel, they are converted back to acetyl-CoA which enters the TCA cycle. → Diabetics produce acetoacetate faster than can be metabolized, so their breath will smell like acetone. → A high amount of ketone bodies in the blood can lead to ketosis (acidosis) over tim ...
Dear Notetaker:
... 2. Chylomicrons contain which three (3) of the following substances? a. Dietary triglycerides, dietary cholesterol, and dietary vitamins. i. Chylomicrons consist of dietary things 3. Which bond is characteristic of the primary structure of a protein? a. Peptide bond 4. To complete production of 2 my ...
... 2. Chylomicrons contain which three (3) of the following substances? a. Dietary triglycerides, dietary cholesterol, and dietary vitamins. i. Chylomicrons consist of dietary things 3. Which bond is characteristic of the primary structure of a protein? a. Peptide bond 4. To complete production of 2 my ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.