Objectives 12
... Pyruvate carboxylase: Pyruvate oxaloacetate (ATP + HCO-3 ADP + Pi, biotin cofactor) - like other carboxylases requires biotin as a prosthetic group to carry CO2, and requires ATP to drive the reaction - direct energy utilization for gluconeogenesis - glucose has 6 carbons so two molecules of A ...
... Pyruvate carboxylase: Pyruvate oxaloacetate (ATP + HCO-3 ADP + Pi, biotin cofactor) - like other carboxylases requires biotin as a prosthetic group to carry CO2, and requires ATP to drive the reaction - direct energy utilization for gluconeogenesis - glucose has 6 carbons so two molecules of A ...
Metabolism of Glucose C6H12O6+6O2 1 unit of Glucose 38 ATP
... Potentiation and synergism mean the same thing: A-1 B-1 A+B2>more. Drug-Drug interaction. Liver Glycogen Glucose Maintain blood sugar (glucose) level to provide enough glucose to the brain. Muscle Glycogen Glucose Provide fuel to generate energy. ...
... Potentiation and synergism mean the same thing: A-1 B-1 A+B2>more. Drug-Drug interaction. Liver Glycogen Glucose Maintain blood sugar (glucose) level to provide enough glucose to the brain. Muscle Glycogen Glucose Provide fuel to generate energy. ...
Crustacean Physiology in Ribeirão Preto
... Most of them are converted into the acetyl unit of acetyl CoA. Some ATP is generated in this anaerobic stage, but amount is small compared with 3rd stage. 3rd stage: ATP is produced from the complete oxidation of the acetyl unit of acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA brings acetyl units into the citric acid cycl ...
... Most of them are converted into the acetyl unit of acetyl CoA. Some ATP is generated in this anaerobic stage, but amount is small compared with 3rd stage. 3rd stage: ATP is produced from the complete oxidation of the acetyl unit of acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA brings acetyl units into the citric acid cycl ...
CHAPTER 5 CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... NEED TO FUNCTION 2 TYPES (SEE P.1 OF PACKET) AEROBIC ANNAEROBIC ...
... NEED TO FUNCTION 2 TYPES (SEE P.1 OF PACKET) AEROBIC ANNAEROBIC ...
Cellular Pathophysiology of Insulin Resistance
... • Loss of the storage capacity of adipose tissue, such as in lipodystrophy, leads to increased lipid stores in other tissues (ectopic fat). • Lipid oversupply results in altered/incomplete FFA oxidation. • Specific FA metabolites can have deleterious effects on cellular function, including secretion ...
... • Loss of the storage capacity of adipose tissue, such as in lipodystrophy, leads to increased lipid stores in other tissues (ectopic fat). • Lipid oversupply results in altered/incomplete FFA oxidation. • Specific FA metabolites can have deleterious effects on cellular function, including secretion ...
Document
... • In most higher eukaryotes, fatty acid synthase complex is found in cytosol. • Usually, NADPH carries electrons for anabolic reactions, and NAD+ in catabolic reactions. • In plants, NADPH is produced in the chloroplast stroma and hence favouring the reduction of oxygen as in mitochondria. ...
... • In most higher eukaryotes, fatty acid synthase complex is found in cytosol. • Usually, NADPH carries electrons for anabolic reactions, and NAD+ in catabolic reactions. • In plants, NADPH is produced in the chloroplast stroma and hence favouring the reduction of oxygen as in mitochondria. ...
PTHR18866 CARBOXYLASE:PYRUVATE/ACETYL
... PTN000429606 - ACC • Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity • all cytoplasmic, except yeast hfa1 and clade including ACC2 - these are mitochondrial • propagated “fatty acid biosynthetic process”, acetyl-CoA metabolic process, malonyl-CoA biosynthetic process and lipid metabolic process ...
... PTN000429606 - ACC • Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity • all cytoplasmic, except yeast hfa1 and clade including ACC2 - these are mitochondrial • propagated “fatty acid biosynthetic process”, acetyl-CoA metabolic process, malonyl-CoA biosynthetic process and lipid metabolic process ...
Biochemistry –Second year, Coll
... is predominant in the muscles. Disorders of Carnitine Deficiences and β-Oxidation Impairment: Carnitine deficiency which may be primary and secondary leads to decrease utilization of long chain fatty acid LCFA as source of energy, pariculary in the muscles, with dependent mainly on the glucose and s ...
... is predominant in the muscles. Disorders of Carnitine Deficiences and β-Oxidation Impairment: Carnitine deficiency which may be primary and secondary leads to decrease utilization of long chain fatty acid LCFA as source of energy, pariculary in the muscles, with dependent mainly on the glucose and s ...
Topic 2: Molecular Biology
... Essential Idea: Living Organisms control their composition by complex web of chemical reactions. U1 Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved U2 Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds allowing a diversity of stable compounds to exist U3 Life is based ...
... Essential Idea: Living Organisms control their composition by complex web of chemical reactions. U1 Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved U2 Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds allowing a diversity of stable compounds to exist U3 Life is based ...
Physiological role of insulin
... Response to orally ingested glucose Stimulates secretion of insulin GLP-1 stimulates cAMP production Secretion of insulin above the level secreted in response to glucose alone ...
... Response to orally ingested glucose Stimulates secretion of insulin GLP-1 stimulates cAMP production Secretion of insulin above the level secreted in response to glucose alone ...
Lecture: 27 Fatty acid and triacyl glycerol biosynthesis Biosynthesis
... ii. Intermediates in fatty acid synthesis are covalently linked to the sulfhydryl group of an acyl carrier protein (ACP) whereas intermediates in fatty acid breakdown are bonded to coenzyme A. iii. The enzymes of fatty acid synthesis in animals are joined in a single polypeptide chain called fatty a ...
... ii. Intermediates in fatty acid synthesis are covalently linked to the sulfhydryl group of an acyl carrier protein (ACP) whereas intermediates in fatty acid breakdown are bonded to coenzyme A. iii. The enzymes of fatty acid synthesis in animals are joined in a single polypeptide chain called fatty a ...
Spotlight on Metabolism Ans
... Although each energy-yielding nutrient initially follows a different metabolic pathway, they all follow the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. During glycolysis one molecule of glucose yields two NADH, a net of two ATP and two pyruvate. In the next step of carbohydra ...
... Although each energy-yielding nutrient initially follows a different metabolic pathway, they all follow the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. During glycolysis one molecule of glucose yields two NADH, a net of two ATP and two pyruvate. In the next step of carbohydra ...
REGISTERED DIETITIAN EXAMINATION
... (d) myosin light chain kinase and calmodulin 9. The BMR of an overweight girl compared with a normal weight girl will be (a) less because she has more fat tissue (b) The same (c) more because of higher weight 10. Which of the following statements about HMP shunt of glucose metabolism is correct (a) ...
... (d) myosin light chain kinase and calmodulin 9. The BMR of an overweight girl compared with a normal weight girl will be (a) less because she has more fat tissue (b) The same (c) more because of higher weight 10. Which of the following statements about HMP shunt of glucose metabolism is correct (a) ...
Q43to47
... Blood ketone body concentration would rise need fatty acids to make ketone bodies Blood glucose concentration would rise if alternate fuels not used, glucose will rapidly fall Blood fatty acid concentration would rise lipolysis releases fatty acids into the blood There would be fewer substrates for ...
... Blood ketone body concentration would rise need fatty acids to make ketone bodies Blood glucose concentration would rise if alternate fuels not used, glucose will rapidly fall Blood fatty acid concentration would rise lipolysis releases fatty acids into the blood There would be fewer substrates for ...
2013
... E) the synthesis of urea in liver and degradation of urea to carbon dioxide and ammonia by bacteria in the gut. Circle the correct answer. 30. [4 points] Indicate whether the following statements are true or false by circling T or F. ...
... E) the synthesis of urea in liver and degradation of urea to carbon dioxide and ammonia by bacteria in the gut. Circle the correct answer. 30. [4 points] Indicate whether the following statements are true or false by circling T or F. ...
Cholesterol and Lipid T Port
... due to decreased LPL activity. - LPL is activated by insulin signaling. - Insulin increases TAG production in liver and transport to adipose and inhibits adipose release of TAGs ...
... due to decreased LPL activity. - LPL is activated by insulin signaling. - Insulin increases TAG production in liver and transport to adipose and inhibits adipose release of TAGs ...
Bio102 Problems
... Both are ultimately expelled from the body as CO2. To get there, each carbon atom from a lipid must be more oxidized more times than each carbon atom from a carbohydrate. With each of these oxidations, a reduced coenzyme is produced which will ultimately be used to synthesize more ATP by oxidative p ...
... Both are ultimately expelled from the body as CO2. To get there, each carbon atom from a lipid must be more oxidized more times than each carbon atom from a carbohydrate. With each of these oxidations, a reduced coenzyme is produced which will ultimately be used to synthesize more ATP by oxidative p ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿
... • Acetyl-CoA+3NAD＋ +FAD+GDP+Pi+2H2O→2CO2+3NADH+FADH2+G TP+2H＋+CoA • One Acetyl-CoA through the cycle produces two CO2, one ATP, four reduced coenzymes • Two H2Os are used as substrates • Absolutely depends on O2 ...
... • Acetyl-CoA+3NAD＋ +FAD+GDP+Pi+2H2O→2CO2+3NADH+FADH2+G TP+2H＋+CoA • One Acetyl-CoA through the cycle produces two CO2, one ATP, four reduced coenzymes • Two H2Os are used as substrates • Absolutely depends on O2 ...
Lecture 33 - Carbohydrate Metabolism 1
... beans in the diet were associated (in ancient times) with low malaria rates? ...
... beans in the diet were associated (in ancient times) with low malaria rates? ...
Prescott`s Microbiology, 9th Edition 12 Anabolism: The Use of
... 2. Carbon skeletons are derived from acetyl-CoA and from intermediates of the TCA cycle, glycolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway D. Anaplerotic reactions and amino acid biosynthesis 1. Biosynthetic functions of the TCA cycle are so important that many of its intermediates must be synthesized e ...
... 2. Carbon skeletons are derived from acetyl-CoA and from intermediates of the TCA cycle, glycolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway D. Anaplerotic reactions and amino acid biosynthesis 1. Biosynthetic functions of the TCA cycle are so important that many of its intermediates must be synthesized e ...
GLUCONEOGENESIS
... slower than allosteric control; – it takes hours or days in contrast with seconds to ...
... slower than allosteric control; – it takes hours or days in contrast with seconds to ...
Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins Structure and Function
... glucose units linked by bonds and is the storage form of energy in plants. Glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate in humans and other animals, is a glucose polymer with bonds and numerous branches. Cellulose, dietary fiber, is a straight-chain glucose polymer with bonds that are not broken down ...
... glucose units linked by bonds and is the storage form of energy in plants. Glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate in humans and other animals, is a glucose polymer with bonds and numerous branches. Cellulose, dietary fiber, is a straight-chain glucose polymer with bonds that are not broken down ...
CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2
... rate of a reaction, the following events must take place. 1. The enzyme must form a temporary association with the substance or substances whose reaction rate it affects. These substances are known as substrates. 2. The association between enzyme and substrate is thought to form a close physical ass ...
... rate of a reaction, the following events must take place. 1. The enzyme must form a temporary association with the substance or substances whose reaction rate it affects. These substances are known as substrates. 2. The association between enzyme and substrate is thought to form a close physical ass ...
1. Substrate level phosphorylation A) is part
... metabolism of people doing low-intensity exercise over 4 hours. Which of the following was observed in that experiment. A) Insulin levels went up as exercise progressed B) By four hours, fatty acids provided the majority of the energy used C) The muscles continuously increased glucose consumption du ...
... metabolism of people doing low-intensity exercise over 4 hours. Which of the following was observed in that experiment. A) Insulin levels went up as exercise progressed B) By four hours, fatty acids provided the majority of the energy used C) The muscles continuously increased glucose consumption du ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.