![Biology 233](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009973093_1-a0b449f8f88898f01af30cbc37f01e09-300x300.png)
Biology 233
... Other tissues – can use glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and other organic molecules for energy endocrine system regulates their choice of nutrients ABSORPTIVE STATE – following a meal, when nutrients are being absorbed glucose taken into cells (insulin) – used for energy and stored as glycogen or ...
... Other tissues – can use glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and other organic molecules for energy endocrine system regulates their choice of nutrients ABSORPTIVE STATE – following a meal, when nutrients are being absorbed glucose taken into cells (insulin) – used for energy and stored as glycogen or ...
Metabolism - CSU, Chico
... No wonder fats have so much energy associated with them glucose = 36 – 38 ATPs 16 carbon FA = 129 ATPs Adipose fat HDL cells cytosol mitochondria hormone sensitive lipase carnitine ...
... No wonder fats have so much energy associated with them glucose = 36 – 38 ATPs 16 carbon FA = 129 ATPs Adipose fat HDL cells cytosol mitochondria hormone sensitive lipase carnitine ...
BY 330 Spring 2015Worksheet 4 Name the substrate ligand and
... Citrate – increases Glucose-6-phosphate – decreases ATP – increases Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate – decreases Alanine – no change as alanine only modulates pyruvate kinase, not PFK 11. What reaction occurs in between glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle? How much NADH and CO2 are produced here for 6 molecules ...
... Citrate – increases Glucose-6-phosphate – decreases ATP – increases Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate – decreases Alanine – no change as alanine only modulates pyruvate kinase, not PFK 11. What reaction occurs in between glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle? How much NADH and CO2 are produced here for 6 molecules ...
LOCATION: CYTOPLASM
... Inhibited by G-6-P which accumulated if other reactions are inhibited. 2. Pyruvate kinase 4 isoenzymic forms inhibited by ATP, activated by F-1,6-Bis P see fig 12.17 Horton liver form also inhibited by phosphorylation 3. PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE Main point of regulation ATP, citrate AMP, F-2,6-bisP i ...
... Inhibited by G-6-P which accumulated if other reactions are inhibited. 2. Pyruvate kinase 4 isoenzymic forms inhibited by ATP, activated by F-1,6-Bis P see fig 12.17 Horton liver form also inhibited by phosphorylation 3. PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE Main point of regulation ATP, citrate AMP, F-2,6-bisP i ...
Document
... oxidation of carbs, protein and fatty acids, are ultimately transferred to O2 to produce H20 Located in the inner mitochondrial membrane Electrons travel down the chain, pumping protons into the intermembrane space creating the driving force to produce ATP in a process called oxidative phosphory ...
... oxidation of carbs, protein and fatty acids, are ultimately transferred to O2 to produce H20 Located in the inner mitochondrial membrane Electrons travel down the chain, pumping protons into the intermembrane space creating the driving force to produce ATP in a process called oxidative phosphory ...
26,6 Synthesis of omino ocids
... been synthesized,it can be assembledinto glycogenand stored in muscle or liver cells.Oxaloacetatefrom amino acid metabolism also can be converted to glucosein gluconeogenesis. Fatty acids, as we have seen, are synthesized from acetyl CoA. The acetyl CoA can come from glucose metabolism, from fatty a ...
... been synthesized,it can be assembledinto glycogenand stored in muscle or liver cells.Oxaloacetatefrom amino acid metabolism also can be converted to glucosein gluconeogenesis. Fatty acids, as we have seen, are synthesized from acetyl CoA. The acetyl CoA can come from glucose metabolism, from fatty a ...
第八章
... Consist of carbon from 2 to 24 or more in length. A carboxy group on the end of each chain. General structure : RCOOH, where R is carbon chain * Saturated fatty acids Acetic acid (C2) Myristic acid (C14) * Unsaturated fatty acids: containing double bond Oleic acid (C18:1) Linoleic acid (C18:2) Linol ...
... Consist of carbon from 2 to 24 or more in length. A carboxy group on the end of each chain. General structure : RCOOH, where R is carbon chain * Saturated fatty acids Acetic acid (C2) Myristic acid (C14) * Unsaturated fatty acids: containing double bond Oleic acid (C18:1) Linoleic acid (C18:2) Linol ...
FATTY ACID OXIDATION Fatty acids are oxidized in several tissues
... LIPID MOBILIZATION In the postabsorptive state, fatty acids can be released from adipose tissue to be used for energy production. Although human adipose tissue does not respond directly to glucagon, ...
... LIPID MOBILIZATION In the postabsorptive state, fatty acids can be released from adipose tissue to be used for energy production. Although human adipose tissue does not respond directly to glucagon, ...
Macromolecules
... They can be found in most type of cells, but are primarily found in adipocytes, in which they form large fat droplets in the center. When needed for energy, fatty acids can be released from triglycerides and diglycerides and and broken down to release energy (we’ll discuss the details in BIOL 212) ...
... They can be found in most type of cells, but are primarily found in adipocytes, in which they form large fat droplets in the center. When needed for energy, fatty acids can be released from triglycerides and diglycerides and and broken down to release energy (we’ll discuss the details in BIOL 212) ...
PASS MOCK EXAM
... 67. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: a. is located in the sarcoplasm b. catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA c. catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to lactate d. catalyses the conversion of lactate to pyruvate e. catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to glucose 68. The pur ...
... 67. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: a. is located in the sarcoplasm b. catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA c. catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to lactate d. catalyses the conversion of lactate to pyruvate e. catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to glucose 68. The pur ...
Citric Acid Cycle Overview
... • Some amino acids boost flux by making more CAC intermediates • Transamination • High [pyruvate] at beginning of glycolysis boosts flux through CAC ...
... • Some amino acids boost flux by making more CAC intermediates • Transamination • High [pyruvate] at beginning of glycolysis boosts flux through CAC ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 29: Membrane Transport and metabolism
... Insulin controls glucose uptake Adipose tissue and muscles contain a passive glucose transporter GluT4 which takes up glucose from blood. (This is not driven by Na+ symport, the process that intestinal cells use to absorb glucose from the gut.) After a glucose rich meal, blood glucose rises above th ...
... Insulin controls glucose uptake Adipose tissue and muscles contain a passive glucose transporter GluT4 which takes up glucose from blood. (This is not driven by Na+ symport, the process that intestinal cells use to absorb glucose from the gut.) After a glucose rich meal, blood glucose rises above th ...
Pyruvate and Energetics of Glycolysis
... A) All are catalyzed by a kinase. B) All involve ATP hydrolysis C) All have a negative standard free energy D) All have a negative free energy under cellular conditions E) All are irreversible steps. ...
... A) All are catalyzed by a kinase. B) All involve ATP hydrolysis C) All have a negative standard free energy D) All have a negative free energy under cellular conditions E) All are irreversible steps. ...
Lecture 10
... • Hormonal and dietary regulation is exerted on the enzymes whose function is restricted to gluconeogenesis : pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose 6phosphatase. • Activation of pyruvate carboxylase by acetyl coenzyme A is an important regul ...
... • Hormonal and dietary regulation is exerted on the enzymes whose function is restricted to gluconeogenesis : pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose 6phosphatase. • Activation of pyruvate carboxylase by acetyl coenzyme A is an important regul ...
Metabolism and Energy
... • Energy Metabolism – how the body obtains & uses energy from foods or body stores • Nutrients in the body that generate energy 1. CHO>>>Glucose (liver converts fructose & galactose to glucose) 2. Fat (Triglycerides)>>>Glycerol & Fatty Acids 3. Protein>>>Amino Acids ...
... • Energy Metabolism – how the body obtains & uses energy from foods or body stores • Nutrients in the body that generate energy 1. CHO>>>Glucose (liver converts fructose & galactose to glucose) 2. Fat (Triglycerides)>>>Glycerol & Fatty Acids 3. Protein>>>Amino Acids ...
Outline
... A) When cellular ATP reserves are high or when glucose is in excess, glucose has to be stored 1) glucose catabolism is inhibited 2) glucose conversion to glycogen (glycogenesis) or to fat (lipogenesis) is stimulated B) When ATP or glucose levels drop the body can then convert glycogen back to glucos ...
... A) When cellular ATP reserves are high or when glucose is in excess, glucose has to be stored 1) glucose catabolism is inhibited 2) glucose conversion to glycogen (glycogenesis) or to fat (lipogenesis) is stimulated B) When ATP or glucose levels drop the body can then convert glycogen back to glucos ...
2005
... amino acid _________________________. These two reactions occur in the (subcellular location) _________________________. The product of this condensation, ________________________, is transported to another subcellular location where it condenses with __________________________ to form argininosucci ...
... amino acid _________________________. These two reactions occur in the (subcellular location) _________________________. The product of this condensation, ________________________, is transported to another subcellular location where it condenses with __________________________ to form argininosucci ...
Answer the following short questions Q 1
... How many ATPs are produced when palmitoyl-CoA, a 16 carbon saturated fatty acid is oxidized completely to Co2 and H2O? (a) 129 (b) 131 (c) 96 Q 14 The sequence of reactions below occurs, in the appropriate direction, in: -CH2-CH2↔ CH=CH- ↔ -CHOH-CH2- ↔ -COCH2 (a) fatty acid oxidation/biosynthesis (b ...
... How many ATPs are produced when palmitoyl-CoA, a 16 carbon saturated fatty acid is oxidized completely to Co2 and H2O? (a) 129 (b) 131 (c) 96 Q 14 The sequence of reactions below occurs, in the appropriate direction, in: -CH2-CH2↔ CH=CH- ↔ -CHOH-CH2- ↔ -COCH2 (a) fatty acid oxidation/biosynthesis (b ...
annotated slides Power Point
... Ketone Bodies and Diabetes • Lack of insulin related to uncontrolled fat breakdown in adipose tissues • Excess b-oxidation of fatty acids results in ketone body formation. • Can often smell acetone on the breath of diabetics. • High levels of ketone bodies leads to condition known as diabetic ketoa ...
... Ketone Bodies and Diabetes • Lack of insulin related to uncontrolled fat breakdown in adipose tissues • Excess b-oxidation of fatty acids results in ketone body formation. • Can often smell acetone on the breath of diabetics. • High levels of ketone bodies leads to condition known as diabetic ketoa ...
160 GLUCOSE DECREASES DURING AMINO ACID
... Renate B. Pilz and Gerry R. Boss. University of California, San Dieqo, Department of Medicine, San Oiego, California. USA. ihen cultured human lymphoblasts are starved for an essential amino acid for 3 h, rates of purine nucleotide synthesis decrease markedly because of a decrease in the intracellul ...
... Renate B. Pilz and Gerry R. Boss. University of California, San Dieqo, Department of Medicine, San Oiego, California. USA. ihen cultured human lymphoblasts are starved for an essential amino acid for 3 h, rates of purine nucleotide synthesis decrease markedly because of a decrease in the intracellul ...
Introduction to metabolism. Specific and general pathways of
... Stage III. Acetyl CoA is oxidized in citric acid cycle to CO2 and water. As result reduced cofactor, NADH2 and FADH2, are formed which give up their electrons. Electrons are transported via the tissue respiration chain and released energy is coupled directly to ATP synthesis. ...
... Stage III. Acetyl CoA is oxidized in citric acid cycle to CO2 and water. As result reduced cofactor, NADH2 and FADH2, are formed which give up their electrons. Electrons are transported via the tissue respiration chain and released energy is coupled directly to ATP synthesis. ...
L22_GlngBox
... Transport of FA: Mitochondria • Malonyl CoA is a very strong inhibitor of CAT-I • CAT-I is the key regulator of fat oxidation - once FA gets into the mitochondria, it will be oxidized (i.e. the only fate of mitochondrial FA-CoA is oxidation) • Alternative fate of FA-CoA in the cytoplasm is esterifi ...
... Transport of FA: Mitochondria • Malonyl CoA is a very strong inhibitor of CAT-I • CAT-I is the key regulator of fat oxidation - once FA gets into the mitochondria, it will be oxidized (i.e. the only fate of mitochondrial FA-CoA is oxidation) • Alternative fate of FA-CoA in the cytoplasm is esterifi ...
BIOCHEMISTRY (CHEM 360)
... If you were to compare the fatty-acid content of triacylglycerols in vegetable oil with those in butter, what general trends would you expect to find? (1) Butter would contain a higher percentage of more highly polyunsaturated fatty acids than vegetable oil. (2) Butter would contain a higher percent ...
... If you were to compare the fatty-acid content of triacylglycerols in vegetable oil with those in butter, what general trends would you expect to find? (1) Butter would contain a higher percentage of more highly polyunsaturated fatty acids than vegetable oil. (2) Butter would contain a higher percent ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... uptake is not being watched carefully. • Sorghum contains large amount of leucine, which will inhibit quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase (QPRT), an enzyme involved in NAD+ biosynthesis from tryptophan. • Vitamin B6 deficiency can also lead to niacin deficiency because pyridoxal phosphate is a co ...
... uptake is not being watched carefully. • Sorghum contains large amount of leucine, which will inhibit quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase (QPRT), an enzyme involved in NAD+ biosynthesis from tryptophan. • Vitamin B6 deficiency can also lead to niacin deficiency because pyridoxal phosphate is a co ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.