3. Biotechnological Importance of MO - Copy
... Its is essential for survival and existence of the organism and reproduction Cells have optimum concentration of all macromolecules (proteins, DNA, RNA etc.) Exponential growth ...
... Its is essential for survival and existence of the organism and reproduction Cells have optimum concentration of all macromolecules (proteins, DNA, RNA etc.) Exponential growth ...
Main Concepts Muscle structure, Oxidation of fats, Muscle types
... 15. Triacylglycerols (fats) provide considerably more energy per gram than carbohydrates and are the major form of energy storage in humans. 16. To utilise the stored energy of triacylglycerols they must first be broken down into their components, glycerol and fatty acids. 17. Fatty acids bind to al ...
... 15. Triacylglycerols (fats) provide considerably more energy per gram than carbohydrates and are the major form of energy storage in humans. 16. To utilise the stored energy of triacylglycerols they must first be broken down into their components, glycerol and fatty acids. 17. Fatty acids bind to al ...
Gluconeogenesis - Assignment Point
... Gluconeogenesis is the generation of glucose from other substrates. Like many metabolic pathways it happens mostly in the liver, and is triggered by the action of insulin. Gluconeogenesis begins with various substrates converted into pyruvate.and this proceed though what is essentially the rever ...
... Gluconeogenesis is the generation of glucose from other substrates. Like many metabolic pathways it happens mostly in the liver, and is triggered by the action of insulin. Gluconeogenesis begins with various substrates converted into pyruvate.and this proceed though what is essentially the rever ...
fuels and tissues
... formation of 2, 3 bis-phosphoglycerate for maintenance of low affinity form of haemoglobin ...
... formation of 2, 3 bis-phosphoglycerate for maintenance of low affinity form of haemoglobin ...
Absorption of VFA
... Butyrate > Propionate > Acetate Absorption greater with increasing concentrations of acids in the rumen Absorption increases at lower rumen pH Absorption greater in grain fed animals Faster fermentation – More VFA produced Lower pH Growth of papillae ...
... Butyrate > Propionate > Acetate Absorption greater with increasing concentrations of acids in the rumen Absorption increases at lower rumen pH Absorption greater in grain fed animals Faster fermentation – More VFA produced Lower pH Growth of papillae ...
carbohydrate metabolism
... • Reactions of Glycolysis take place in the cytosol of cells • Unique; it can utilize O2 if available and can also work in the absence of O2 • Glycolytic sequence of reactions differ from one specie to another only in: 1. how the rate is regulated 2. subsequent metabolic fate of pyruvate formed • B ...
... • Reactions of Glycolysis take place in the cytosol of cells • Unique; it can utilize O2 if available and can also work in the absence of O2 • Glycolytic sequence of reactions differ from one specie to another only in: 1. how the rate is regulated 2. subsequent metabolic fate of pyruvate formed • B ...
0495116572_102921
... Tissues – Oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to carboxylic acid, incorporation of inorganic phosphate into high-energy anhydride bond – Substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP – Phosphoglyceromutase – Dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate – Phophoenolpyruvate (PEP) donates phosphate group to ADP – L ...
... Tissues – Oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to carboxylic acid, incorporation of inorganic phosphate into high-energy anhydride bond – Substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP – Phosphoglyceromutase – Dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate – Phophoenolpyruvate (PEP) donates phosphate group to ADP – L ...
Lecture 22 Urea Cycle, Gluconeogenesis and Glyoxalate
... gluconeogenesis), and thus there might be something like a “competition” between TCA and urea cycles. The urea cycle is largely controlled by substrate availability, NH3 and glutamate being the most important factors. If there is enough glutamate, ...
... gluconeogenesis), and thus there might be something like a “competition” between TCA and urea cycles. The urea cycle is largely controlled by substrate availability, NH3 and glutamate being the most important factors. If there is enough glutamate, ...
Metabolism of cardiac muscles
... acid-oxidation decreases glucose (pyruvate) oxidation. • The increased generation of acetyl CoA derived from glucose (pyruvate) oxidation inhibits fatty acid -oxidation ...
... acid-oxidation decreases glucose (pyruvate) oxidation. • The increased generation of acetyl CoA derived from glucose (pyruvate) oxidation inhibits fatty acid -oxidation ...
File - Mr. Shanks` Class
... Three-dimensional bends and kinks in secondary structure due to the interactions between R-groups ...
... Three-dimensional bends and kinks in secondary structure due to the interactions between R-groups ...
Metabolic Reactions Responsible for Glucose
... glycerol caused a 2.5-fold enhancement. No stimulation of enzyme activity was obtained when succinate or citrate was the carbon source. Involvement of glycolytic pathway in the glucose derepression of APase The above experiments indicated that glucose or glycerol, which are metabolized through the g ...
... glycerol caused a 2.5-fold enhancement. No stimulation of enzyme activity was obtained when succinate or citrate was the carbon source. Involvement of glycolytic pathway in the glucose derepression of APase The above experiments indicated that glucose or glycerol, which are metabolized through the g ...
several polypeptide chains
... 7. Which of the following molecules is smallest? (a.) sucrose (b.) glucose (c.) glycogen (d.) starch 8. Which element is not required in order for the compound to be considered organic? (a.) carbon (b.) oxygen (c.) hydrogen (d.) all must be present 9. Which element is usually found in proteins but ...
... 7. Which of the following molecules is smallest? (a.) sucrose (b.) glucose (c.) glycogen (d.) starch 8. Which element is not required in order for the compound to be considered organic? (a.) carbon (b.) oxygen (c.) hydrogen (d.) all must be present 9. Which element is usually found in proteins but ...
PPTX - Bonham Chemistry
... converted into pyruvate • Pyruvate can be further aerobically oxidized • Pyruvate can be used as a precursor in biosynthesis ...
... converted into pyruvate • Pyruvate can be further aerobically oxidized • Pyruvate can be used as a precursor in biosynthesis ...
bch222 tutorial kit - Covenant University
... BCH 222: General Aspects of Metabolism CONTRIBUTORS: Dr. O.O. Ogunlana, Dr. Omotosho O. E. and Mrs. Rotimi A. O. 1. Define autotrophs and heterothrophs Authotrophs are organisms that have the ability to synthesize their own food. E.g plants and algae. They make their own food from inorganic substan ...
... BCH 222: General Aspects of Metabolism CONTRIBUTORS: Dr. O.O. Ogunlana, Dr. Omotosho O. E. and Mrs. Rotimi A. O. 1. Define autotrophs and heterothrophs Authotrophs are organisms that have the ability to synthesize their own food. E.g plants and algae. They make their own food from inorganic substan ...
File
... Both have free SH group that Acetyl-CoA and MalonylCoA attach to before synthesis can begin Acetyl-CoA transferred to ACP, losing its CoA Acetyl-ACP Acetyl group then transferred again to SH of CE leaving ACPSH Malonyl group attaches to this molecule, losing it’s CoA Now the fatty acid chain can b ...
... Both have free SH group that Acetyl-CoA and MalonylCoA attach to before synthesis can begin Acetyl-CoA transferred to ACP, losing its CoA Acetyl-ACP Acetyl group then transferred again to SH of CE leaving ACPSH Malonyl group attaches to this molecule, losing it’s CoA Now the fatty acid chain can b ...
27. GE_7.27 Gluconeo.. - College of Pharmacy at Howard University
... 2. Oxidized to a three-carbon compound (pyruvate) via glycolysis to provide ATP and metabolic intermediates; 3. Or oxidized via the pentose phosphate (phosphogluconate) pathway to yield ribose 5-phosphate for nucleic acid synthesis and NADPH for reductive biosynthetic processes ...
... 2. Oxidized to a three-carbon compound (pyruvate) via glycolysis to provide ATP and metabolic intermediates; 3. Or oxidized via the pentose phosphate (phosphogluconate) pathway to yield ribose 5-phosphate for nucleic acid synthesis and NADPH for reductive biosynthetic processes ...
Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketone Bodies OXIDATION OF FATTY
... Ketonuria- higher than normal quantities of ketone bodies in urine. Ketosis: the overall condition is called ketosis. ...
... Ketonuria- higher than normal quantities of ketone bodies in urine. Ketosis: the overall condition is called ketosis. ...
40_Biochemical functions of liver
... reduces the iron to the divalent form that is able to bind an O2 molecule. [3] Transfer of a second electron and a change in the valence of the iron reduce the bound O2 to the peroxide. [4] A hydroxyl ion is now cleaved from this intermediate. Uptake of a proton gives rise to H2O and the reactive fo ...
... reduces the iron to the divalent form that is able to bind an O2 molecule. [3] Transfer of a second electron and a change in the valence of the iron reduce the bound O2 to the peroxide. [4] A hydroxyl ion is now cleaved from this intermediate. Uptake of a proton gives rise to H2O and the reactive fo ...
Chapter 2: Biochemistry
... Enzymes are large, complex proteins. They make it possible for chemical reactions to occur in living cells.They are organic catalysts, because they can affect a reaction without being changed itself. An enzyme acts upon a substrate. The names of the enzymes usually ends with the suffix ase, and the ...
... Enzymes are large, complex proteins. They make it possible for chemical reactions to occur in living cells.They are organic catalysts, because they can affect a reaction without being changed itself. An enzyme acts upon a substrate. The names of the enzymes usually ends with the suffix ase, and the ...
Dominant Dietary Fatty Acids
... o Ying-yang…fully activated at both ends of enzymes o Why would mammals benefit from 7 sites? Tends to be a little more efficient The players are all together, substrate there Fig 14.2 o The 3 steps missing from the cycle The reductive steps in fatty acid synthesis o The reductant is NADPH rathe ...
... o Ying-yang…fully activated at both ends of enzymes o Why would mammals benefit from 7 sites? Tends to be a little more efficient The players are all together, substrate there Fig 14.2 o The 3 steps missing from the cycle The reductive steps in fatty acid synthesis o The reductant is NADPH rathe ...
Regulation of Glucose metabolism
... 2. Effect on lipid metabolism: • Affects adipose tissue and causes a reduction in plasma fatty acids A decrease in triglyceride degradation (inhibits hormone sensitive lipase) An increase in triglyceride synthesis by: Increased glucose uptake which is converted into glycerol 3 phosphate Acti ...
... 2. Effect on lipid metabolism: • Affects adipose tissue and causes a reduction in plasma fatty acids A decrease in triglyceride degradation (inhibits hormone sensitive lipase) An increase in triglyceride synthesis by: Increased glucose uptake which is converted into glycerol 3 phosphate Acti ...
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase-A New Target in the Fight against Obesity
... exercising will have an impact on healthy life. Eating junk food can prevent your body from absorbing vitamins and nutrients. ...
... exercising will have an impact on healthy life. Eating junk food can prevent your body from absorbing vitamins and nutrients. ...
Lipids (lect 5, 6))
... Sphingomyeline is formed of sphingosine base, fatty acyl CoA, phosphate and choline. (Remembr structure, first lecture). Steps of synthesis: see figure 1- Palmitic acid is activated by CoA to give palmitoyl CoA. 2- Combination of palmitoyl CoA with serine to form sphingosine base. 3- Then sphingosin ...
... Sphingomyeline is formed of sphingosine base, fatty acyl CoA, phosphate and choline. (Remembr structure, first lecture). Steps of synthesis: see figure 1- Palmitic acid is activated by CoA to give palmitoyl CoA. 2- Combination of palmitoyl CoA with serine to form sphingosine base. 3- Then sphingosin ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.