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Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism Intracellular - Rose
... of regulatory enzymes, while insulin results in removal of the phosphate; calcium usually increases phosphorylation (one major exception is the mitochondrial enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase, in which calcium stimulates phosphate removal). Some of the hormones, especially cortisol and insulin, and to a ...
... of regulatory enzymes, while insulin results in removal of the phosphate; calcium usually increases phosphorylation (one major exception is the mitochondrial enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase, in which calcium stimulates phosphate removal). Some of the hormones, especially cortisol and insulin, and to a ...
CH 3
... Commercially, derivatives of these female hormones are used in birth control pills and therapeutic agents such as those designed to treat post-menopausal symptoms. The male hormone and derivatives can be abused as anabolic steroids where they increase muscle production (but also increase aggressiven ...
... Commercially, derivatives of these female hormones are used in birth control pills and therapeutic agents such as those designed to treat post-menopausal symptoms. The male hormone and derivatives can be abused as anabolic steroids where they increase muscle production (but also increase aggressiven ...
Cell Respiration--The Kreb`s Cycle
... the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and the Citric Acid Cycle, and accounts for about two thirds of the total oxidation of carbon compounds in most cells. ...
... the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and the Citric Acid Cycle, and accounts for about two thirds of the total oxidation of carbon compounds in most cells. ...
Carbs Review
... Because an enzyme will only work with one reactant in one type of reaction, we say that enzymes are… ...
... Because an enzyme will only work with one reactant in one type of reaction, we say that enzymes are… ...
Metabolism II
... • Lipolysis – breakdown of lipids for entry into TCA cycle • Triglycerides are predominant lipid in body used for energy • Stored in adipose tissue • Glycerol backbone & 3 fatty acids The first step in lipid metabolism is the hydrolysis of the lipid in the cytoplasm to produce glycerol and fatty aci ...
... • Lipolysis – breakdown of lipids for entry into TCA cycle • Triglycerides are predominant lipid in body used for energy • Stored in adipose tissue • Glycerol backbone & 3 fatty acids The first step in lipid metabolism is the hydrolysis of the lipid in the cytoplasm to produce glycerol and fatty aci ...
Citric Acid Cycle Overview of Cycle Fate of Acetyl CoA
... • Synthetase means ATP (GTP) involved • High energy bond used to do substrate‐ level phosphorylation ...
... • Synthetase means ATP (GTP) involved • High energy bond used to do substrate‐ level phosphorylation ...
and fatty acids
... normal atmospheric pressure. • Its specific gravity is 1.26 and its molecular weight is 92.09. ...
... normal atmospheric pressure. • Its specific gravity is 1.26 and its molecular weight is 92.09. ...
lipid
... Elongation of Fatty Acid Chains Occurs in the Endoplasmic Reticulum This pathway elongates saturated and unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs (from C10 upward) by two carbons, using malonyl-CoA as acetyl donor and NADPH as reductant, and is catalyzed by the microsomal fatty acid elongase system of enzymes . ...
... Elongation of Fatty Acid Chains Occurs in the Endoplasmic Reticulum This pathway elongates saturated and unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs (from C10 upward) by two carbons, using malonyl-CoA as acetyl donor and NADPH as reductant, and is catalyzed by the microsomal fatty acid elongase system of enzymes . ...
Lipid Metabolism
... liver and decreased clearance of plasma lipoproteins,fatty liver due to over mobilization of depot fat. 3.Excess ethanol intake (alcoholism ) cause hypoglycemia and fatty liver. As ethanol intake leads to increase NADH/NAD+ ratio , it will lead to inhibiton gluconeogenesis due to reduction of oxal ...
... liver and decreased clearance of plasma lipoproteins,fatty liver due to over mobilization of depot fat. 3.Excess ethanol intake (alcoholism ) cause hypoglycemia and fatty liver. As ethanol intake leads to increase NADH/NAD+ ratio , it will lead to inhibiton gluconeogenesis due to reduction of oxal ...
5.Amino acids
... rod capable of growing on a simple mineral salt medium with glucose, provided that biotin is also added. Production of L-glutamic acid by C. glutamicum is maximal at a critical biotin concentration of 0.5 mg g-1 of dry cells, which is suboptimal for growth Detergents like Tween-40, addition of penic ...
... rod capable of growing on a simple mineral salt medium with glucose, provided that biotin is also added. Production of L-glutamic acid by C. glutamicum is maximal at a critical biotin concentration of 0.5 mg g-1 of dry cells, which is suboptimal for growth Detergents like Tween-40, addition of penic ...
Ch 28 Reading guide
... 2. Where in the cell does FA synthesis take place? How does acetyl CoA get there? 3. What is the role of citrate lyase? What hormone leads to its activation? 4. The synthesis of palmitate requires _____ molecules of NADPH as well as __________. 5. The shuttle that returns oxaloacetate back to the ma ...
... 2. Where in the cell does FA synthesis take place? How does acetyl CoA get there? 3. What is the role of citrate lyase? What hormone leads to its activation? 4. The synthesis of palmitate requires _____ molecules of NADPH as well as __________. 5. The shuttle that returns oxaloacetate back to the ma ...
simple basic metabolism
... absorbed into the cells of our body. As these molecules of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are broken down further, energy is released. This energy is used in the cells to synthesize high—energy compounds such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Our cells utilize ATP energy when they do work such ...
... absorbed into the cells of our body. As these molecules of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are broken down further, energy is released. This energy is used in the cells to synthesize high—energy compounds such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Our cells utilize ATP energy when they do work such ...
Gluconeogenesis by Dr Tarek
... Carbon sources for gluconeogenesis • Glucogenic amino acids: amino acids by deamination can be converted into keto acids as pyruvic, α-ketoglutaric and oxaloacetic acid. • Proteins are considered as one of the main sources of blood glucose especially after 18 hr due to depletion of liver glycogen. ...
... Carbon sources for gluconeogenesis • Glucogenic amino acids: amino acids by deamination can be converted into keto acids as pyruvic, α-ketoglutaric and oxaloacetic acid. • Proteins are considered as one of the main sources of blood glucose especially after 18 hr due to depletion of liver glycogen. ...
Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Lectures For UG-5
... interconversion of three-, four-, five-, six-, and seven-carbon sugars (Figure 13.2). These reversible reactions permit ribulose 5-phosphate (produced by the oxidative portion of the pathway) to be converted either to ribose 5-phosphate (needed for nucleotide synthesis) or to intermediates of glycol ...
... interconversion of three-, four-, five-, six-, and seven-carbon sugars (Figure 13.2). These reversible reactions permit ribulose 5-phosphate (produced by the oxidative portion of the pathway) to be converted either to ribose 5-phosphate (needed for nucleotide synthesis) or to intermediates of glycol ...
metabolism - anatomymodelimages
... 1. Glucose – all carbohydrates are broken down to; taken up by body cells *All carbohydrates are broken down to this: a. glucagon b. glucose c. glycine d. glycogen 2. Glucose-6-phosphate – 1 ATP -ADP; trapped in all but liver, kidney, intestine cell 3. Glucose oxidation – cellular respiration; ATP p ...
... 1. Glucose – all carbohydrates are broken down to; taken up by body cells *All carbohydrates are broken down to this: a. glucagon b. glucose c. glycine d. glycogen 2. Glucose-6-phosphate – 1 ATP -ADP; trapped in all but liver, kidney, intestine cell 3. Glucose oxidation – cellular respiration; ATP p ...
Uncoupling Proteins Cellular Metabolism Cellular Metabolism
... Lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration in muscle is released into the bloodstream and delivered to the liver. LDH converts lactic acid to pyruvic acid. Gluconeogenesis: (“creating new glucose”) Pyruvic acid converted to glucose-6-phosphate: G-6-P can be used either for 7A- liver glycogenesis ...
... Lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration in muscle is released into the bloodstream and delivered to the liver. LDH converts lactic acid to pyruvic acid. Gluconeogenesis: (“creating new glucose”) Pyruvic acid converted to glucose-6-phosphate: G-6-P can be used either for 7A- liver glycogenesis ...
Lecture 23 – SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION: G
... Identify the enzyme and its SPECIFIC ISOZYME FORM that is responsible for regenerating NAD+ during anaerobic glycolysis. Enzyme: Isozyme form: ...
... Identify the enzyme and its SPECIFIC ISOZYME FORM that is responsible for regenerating NAD+ during anaerobic glycolysis. Enzyme: Isozyme form: ...
Volatile Fatty Acids
... Major VFA: acetic acid; propionic acid; butyric acid. Major VFAs are absorbed and used as primary energy source by ruminants. The tissue use of VFA is lower than tissue use of the sugars (e.g., glucose). ~10 % of energy consumed goes towards fermentation (methane). ...
... Major VFA: acetic acid; propionic acid; butyric acid. Major VFAs are absorbed and used as primary energy source by ruminants. The tissue use of VFA is lower than tissue use of the sugars (e.g., glucose). ~10 % of energy consumed goes towards fermentation (methane). ...
Lecture_5_Control_of_glycolysis
... Exercise training also stimulates HIF-1, which enhances the ability to generate ATP anaerobically and stimulates new blood vessel growth. ...
... Exercise training also stimulates HIF-1, which enhances the ability to generate ATP anaerobically and stimulates new blood vessel growth. ...
Biology Content Standards
... Concept: Chemical elements form organic molecules that interact to perform the basic functions of life. 1.1 Recognize that biological organisms are composed primarily of very few elements. The six most common are C, H, #, O, P, S. 1.2 Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of ...
... Concept: Chemical elements form organic molecules that interact to perform the basic functions of life. 1.1 Recognize that biological organisms are composed primarily of very few elements. The six most common are C, H, #, O, P, S. 1.2 Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of ...
1 - u.arizona.edu
... Inhibition by acidic conditions - during anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism in muscle, lactic acid is a product - excess production of acid lower intracellular pH; to prevent further decline of cell pH through production of more acid via metabolism elevated [H+] concentration inhibits PFK1 to sl ...
... Inhibition by acidic conditions - during anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism in muscle, lactic acid is a product - excess production of acid lower intracellular pH; to prevent further decline of cell pH through production of more acid via metabolism elevated [H+] concentration inhibits PFK1 to sl ...
Document
... 1. Lipoprotein lipase activity on capillaries in the adipose tissue is stimulated by the hormone insulin, resulting in uptake of dietary fatty acids by that tissue from lipoprotein particles such as chylomicrons, CM (exogenous source) and VLDL(endogenous source). This is facilitated by interaction o ...
... 1. Lipoprotein lipase activity on capillaries in the adipose tissue is stimulated by the hormone insulin, resulting in uptake of dietary fatty acids by that tissue from lipoprotein particles such as chylomicrons, CM (exogenous source) and VLDL(endogenous source). This is facilitated by interaction o ...
Amino acid metabolism III. Brake down of amino acids
... Mixed function oxidases: catalyze simultaneous hydroxylation of a substrate by an oxygen atom of O2 and reduction of the other oxygen atom to H2O ...
... Mixed function oxidases: catalyze simultaneous hydroxylation of a substrate by an oxygen atom of O2 and reduction of the other oxygen atom to H2O ...
1 Role of Liver In Triglyceride Homeostasis
... • Chylomicron TG is hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) located in capillary endothelium surrounding fat and muscle producing a “remnant” lipoprotein that is cleared by the liver ...
... • Chylomicron TG is hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) located in capillary endothelium surrounding fat and muscle producing a “remnant” lipoprotein that is cleared by the liver ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.