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Chapter 25 LIPID METABOLISM
... • β-oxidation occurs both in mitochondria and in peroxisomes • Peroxisomes: Shortening of very-long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) for subsequent transport and oxidation in ...
... • β-oxidation occurs both in mitochondria and in peroxisomes • Peroxisomes: Shortening of very-long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) for subsequent transport and oxidation in ...
Chemistry of Life - Bilkent University
... • When glucose enters a cell it is rapidly converted to glucose 6-phosphate, by hexokinase. The glucose cycle can occur in liver cells due to a liver specific enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, which catalyse the dephosphorylation of glucose 6-phosphate back to glucose. ...
... • When glucose enters a cell it is rapidly converted to glucose 6-phosphate, by hexokinase. The glucose cycle can occur in liver cells due to a liver specific enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, which catalyse the dephosphorylation of glucose 6-phosphate back to glucose. ...
CARBOHYDRATES: METABOLISM (cont.)
... • Ketones can be used by the liver or transported to other tissues to enter the CA cycle – Lipid anabolism consists of the synthesis of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and prostaglandins • Made from glycerol and FA or excess glucose or aa • Most FA can be made by the body, but some must b ...
... • Ketones can be used by the liver or transported to other tissues to enter the CA cycle – Lipid anabolism consists of the synthesis of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and prostaglandins • Made from glycerol and FA or excess glucose or aa • Most FA can be made by the body, but some must b ...
WEEK FOUR
... the intestinal lumen. The mechanism of /or intestinal absorption of sugar involves active transport. The rate of absorption of sugar decreases in the following order. Galactose > Glucose > Fructose > Pentose The absorbed sugars are carried by the portal blood to the liver. Note: Cellulose and hemi- ...
... the intestinal lumen. The mechanism of /or intestinal absorption of sugar involves active transport. The rate of absorption of sugar decreases in the following order. Galactose > Glucose > Fructose > Pentose The absorbed sugars are carried by the portal blood to the liver. Note: Cellulose and hemi- ...
LIVER GENE EXPRESSION DURING THE TRANSITION DURING THE DRY PERIOD
... During the transition period, there was increased expression of a key gene (pyruvate carboxylase, PC) involved in liver glucose synthesis in RR cows. Increased PC mRNA was likely associated with the need to maintain blood glucose levels in RR cows; whereas in AA cows greater influx of propionate (fr ...
... During the transition period, there was increased expression of a key gene (pyruvate carboxylase, PC) involved in liver glucose synthesis in RR cows. Increased PC mRNA was likely associated with the need to maintain blood glucose levels in RR cows; whereas in AA cows greater influx of propionate (fr ...
Matrix: Citric Acid Cycle and Pyruvate Oxidation Mitochondrion A
... – Electrons pass through a set of membrane-associated carriers by a series of redox reactions – Energy from electron transport powers the active transport of H+ to the intermembrane compartment of the mitochondrion, building a concentration gradient – Chemiosmosis: Diffusion of hydrogen ions (H+) th ...
... – Electrons pass through a set of membrane-associated carriers by a series of redox reactions – Energy from electron transport powers the active transport of H+ to the intermembrane compartment of the mitochondrion, building a concentration gradient – Chemiosmosis: Diffusion of hydrogen ions (H+) th ...
The ATP-PCr energy system can operate with or without oxygen but
... is resynthesized by adding a phosphate to ADP in a process called phosphorylation. The enzyme that controls the break down of PCr is called creatine kinase. The ATP-PCr energy system can operate with or without oxygen but because it doesnt rely on the presence of oxygen = anaerobic. During the first ...
... is resynthesized by adding a phosphate to ADP in a process called phosphorylation. The enzyme that controls the break down of PCr is called creatine kinase. The ATP-PCr energy system can operate with or without oxygen but because it doesnt rely on the presence of oxygen = anaerobic. During the first ...
Endocrinology – growth hormone (GH)
... • Deficiency of GH causes growth failure (dwarfism) in children. Little effect of deficiency in the adult, except increased sensitivity to insulin. Replacement must be with human GH – pituitary extracts carried risk of prion infection before synthetic GH was available. African pygmies have low circu ...
... • Deficiency of GH causes growth failure (dwarfism) in children. Little effect of deficiency in the adult, except increased sensitivity to insulin. Replacement must be with human GH – pituitary extracts carried risk of prion infection before synthetic GH was available. African pygmies have low circu ...
Document
... dietary TAGs hydrolyzed in the intestine by pancreatic lipases; then reassembled in the intestinal cells dietary fats transported to tissues as TAG or cholesterol ...
... dietary TAGs hydrolyzed in the intestine by pancreatic lipases; then reassembled in the intestinal cells dietary fats transported to tissues as TAG or cholesterol ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration Other Metabolites
... they control enzymes at strategic points in ...
... they control enzymes at strategic points in ...
Nitrogen 1 - Website of Neelay Gandhi
... Oxidation of branch chain AA’s NH4 comes in and GDH Glutamate AlaAT turns Pyruvate into alanine (goes to liver) Glutamine Stuff Glutaminase (breaking down Gln) Glutamine Synthetase (making Gln) Why this is important: In Liver cell: Coming to PERIPORTAL hepatocytes ...
... Oxidation of branch chain AA’s NH4 comes in and GDH Glutamate AlaAT turns Pyruvate into alanine (goes to liver) Glutamine Stuff Glutaminase (breaking down Gln) Glutamine Synthetase (making Gln) Why this is important: In Liver cell: Coming to PERIPORTAL hepatocytes ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... 2. Acetoacetate and bhydorxybutyrate are transported by the blood to extrahepatic tissues, where they converted to acetylCoA and oxidized in citric acid cycle. 3. The brain can adapt to the use for acetoacetate or b-hydorxybutyrate under starvation condition. ...
... 2. Acetoacetate and bhydorxybutyrate are transported by the blood to extrahepatic tissues, where they converted to acetylCoA and oxidized in citric acid cycle. 3. The brain can adapt to the use for acetoacetate or b-hydorxybutyrate under starvation condition. ...
Metabolism and Glycolysis
... As indicated in the table shown before, glucokinase (GK) is not inhibited by glucose-6-P. However, it is inhibited indirectly by the next glycolytic intermediary, fructose-6P. Fructose-6P binds to the glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) which is both an inhibitor and a nuclear receptor for glucoki ...
... As indicated in the table shown before, glucokinase (GK) is not inhibited by glucose-6-P. However, it is inhibited indirectly by the next glycolytic intermediary, fructose-6P. Fructose-6P binds to the glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) which is both an inhibitor and a nuclear receptor for glucoki ...
Biochemistry Review Reteach
... (a.) Proteins are made of amino acids held together by ester bonds. (b.) A polysaccharide is a complex lipid needed for storage and structure. (c.) The primary protein structure is based on the order of its amino acids. (d.) Steroids are complex proteins needed to control the bodies chemistry. 19. A ...
... (a.) Proteins are made of amino acids held together by ester bonds. (b.) A polysaccharide is a complex lipid needed for storage and structure. (c.) The primary protein structure is based on the order of its amino acids. (d.) Steroids are complex proteins needed to control the bodies chemistry. 19. A ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... AMP concentration is more sensitive indicator of cell’s energetic state than is [ATP] AMP-activated protein kinase - regulated by [AMP] - A reduced nutrient supply or by increase exercise cause the rise in [AMP] - increase glucose uptake, activates glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation - suppress ener ...
... AMP concentration is more sensitive indicator of cell’s energetic state than is [ATP] AMP-activated protein kinase - regulated by [AMP] - A reduced nutrient supply or by increase exercise cause the rise in [AMP] - increase glucose uptake, activates glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation - suppress ener ...
Ch 30 reading guide
... in which branched amino acid nitrogen is incorporated into the amino acid ___________________, then to the amino acid _____________________ for transport through the blood to the liver. 6. Another carrier of nitrogen is the amino acid ________________________, which is made when ammonia is incorpora ...
... in which branched amino acid nitrogen is incorporated into the amino acid ___________________, then to the amino acid _____________________ for transport through the blood to the liver. 6. Another carrier of nitrogen is the amino acid ________________________, which is made when ammonia is incorpora ...
Simplified Diagram of Cellular Metabolism
... . http://www.essentialcellbiology.com Published by Garland Publishing, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group. ...
... . http://www.essentialcellbiology.com Published by Garland Publishing, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group. ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 23: Phospholipid Biosynthesis
... The activation process and activated product is exactly analogous to the formation of UDP-glucose as an activated glucose donor. The substrate phosphate ester displaces pyrophosphate (PPi). PPi concentration is kept very low because it is immediately broken down by pyrophosphatase, and this low prod ...
... The activation process and activated product is exactly analogous to the formation of UDP-glucose as an activated glucose donor. The substrate phosphate ester displaces pyrophosphate (PPi). PPi concentration is kept very low because it is immediately broken down by pyrophosphatase, and this low prod ...
Cockayne syndrome
... -Mitochondria: -oxidation, acetyl-CoA production, Krebs cycle. -Cytoplasm: Glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, HMP shunt, protein synthesis (RER), steroid synthesis (SER). -Both: Gluconeogenesis, urea cycle, and heme synthesis Fed state versus fasting state: forms of energy used, direction of pathway ...
... -Mitochondria: -oxidation, acetyl-CoA production, Krebs cycle. -Cytoplasm: Glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, HMP shunt, protein synthesis (RER), steroid synthesis (SER). -Both: Gluconeogenesis, urea cycle, and heme synthesis Fed state versus fasting state: forms of energy used, direction of pathway ...
Biochemistry Review Test
... (e.) None of the above 27. Which is a true statement comparing phospholipids and triglycerides (fats and oils)? (a.) Both molecules contain a phosphate group. (b.) Triglycerides may be saturated or unsaturated, but all phospholipids are saturated. (c.) Phospholipids are the primary storage form for ...
... (e.) None of the above 27. Which is a true statement comparing phospholipids and triglycerides (fats and oils)? (a.) Both molecules contain a phosphate group. (b.) Triglycerides may be saturated or unsaturated, but all phospholipids are saturated. (c.) Phospholipids are the primary storage form for ...
molecule building organic
... molecules. This process makes cell organelles and substances necessary for cell activity. This is the way that starch is formed from glucose molecules and proteins are formed from amino acids. The monomers are linked together by the REMOVAL of a water molecule from the site of the new bond. This pro ...
... molecules. This process makes cell organelles and substances necessary for cell activity. This is the way that starch is formed from glucose molecules and proteins are formed from amino acids. The monomers are linked together by the REMOVAL of a water molecule from the site of the new bond. This pro ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.