![I) Choose the best answer: 1- Which of the following metabolites can](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016074477_1-42d96085b36dfa05da354b1e08a7930c-300x300.png)
I) Choose the best answer: 1- Which of the following metabolites can
... 1- Regulation of citric acid cycle occurs at each of the following enzymes EXCEPT: a) Citrate synthetase b) Isocitrate dehydrogenase c) Aconitase d) α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase 2- Which one of the following is a positive allosteric regulator for gluconeogenesis : a) Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) b ...
... 1- Regulation of citric acid cycle occurs at each of the following enzymes EXCEPT: a) Citrate synthetase b) Isocitrate dehydrogenase c) Aconitase d) α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase 2- Which one of the following is a positive allosteric regulator for gluconeogenesis : a) Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) b ...
Slide 1
... Fermentation is a way of harvesting chemical energy that does not require oxygen. Fermentation – takes advantage of glycolysis, – produces 2 ATP molecules per glucose, and – oxidizes NADH back to NAD+ ...
... Fermentation is a way of harvesting chemical energy that does not require oxygen. Fermentation – takes advantage of glycolysis, – produces 2 ATP molecules per glucose, and – oxidizes NADH back to NAD+ ...
Respiration
... During cellular respiration, H+ ions build up in the___________________ * stroma thylakoid space intermembrane space matrix What molecule acts as the final electron acceptor at the end of the ETC during cellular respiration? * oxygen water carbon dioxide glucose All of the following are products of ...
... During cellular respiration, H+ ions build up in the___________________ * stroma thylakoid space intermembrane space matrix What molecule acts as the final electron acceptor at the end of the ETC during cellular respiration? * oxygen water carbon dioxide glucose All of the following are products of ...
Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is a ______(metabolic
... A. a carbon atom is removed from glucose. B. a carbon dioxide molecule is removed from the cytosol. C. a carboxyl group is released from pyruvate. 6. Hexokinase is an enzyme involved in cellular respiration, and its substrate is glucose. To perform this function, hexokinase is located: A. in the lum ...
... A. a carbon atom is removed from glucose. B. a carbon dioxide molecule is removed from the cytosol. C. a carboxyl group is released from pyruvate. 6. Hexokinase is an enzyme involved in cellular respiration, and its substrate is glucose. To perform this function, hexokinase is located: A. in the lum ...
Macromolecule PowerPoint
... Fructose: sugar produced by fruit plants (same formula, different arrangement) Ribose: building block of DNA/RNA and ATP the “energy currency” in a cell (5 carbons). Raffinose: sugar found in beans and other vegetables, turned to intestinal gas by bacteria. ...
... Fructose: sugar produced by fruit plants (same formula, different arrangement) Ribose: building block of DNA/RNA and ATP the “energy currency” in a cell (5 carbons). Raffinose: sugar found in beans and other vegetables, turned to intestinal gas by bacteria. ...
The liver is the largest gland in the body, weighing about 1.4 Kg. It is
... B- Conversion of galactose and fructose to glucose. C- Gluconeogenesis when glucose concentration begins to fall below normal. Large amount of amino acid are converted into glucos ...
... B- Conversion of galactose and fructose to glucose. C- Gluconeogenesis when glucose concentration begins to fall below normal. Large amount of amino acid are converted into glucos ...
Metabolism of ketonе bodies
... The entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle depends on the availability of oxaloacetate. The concentration of oxaloacetate is lowered if carbohydrate is unavailable (starvation) or improperly utilized (diabetes). Oxaloacetate is normally formed from pyruvate by pyruvate carboxylase (anaplerot ...
... The entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle depends on the availability of oxaloacetate. The concentration of oxaloacetate is lowered if carbohydrate is unavailable (starvation) or improperly utilized (diabetes). Oxaloacetate is normally formed from pyruvate by pyruvate carboxylase (anaplerot ...
PATHWAYS THAT HARVEST CHEMICAL ENERGY CHAPTER 9
... The uncoupling protein thermogenin occurs in human infants and hibernating animals—H+ is released as heat instead of coupled to ATP synthesis FERMENTATION (ETHANOL) ...
... The uncoupling protein thermogenin occurs in human infants and hibernating animals—H+ is released as heat instead of coupled to ATP synthesis FERMENTATION (ETHANOL) ...
2_3 Slides - Lipids _ Carbs
... • A positive correlation has been found between saturated fatty acid intake and rates of CHD in many studies. • Correlation ≠ causation. Another factor, e.g. dietary fiber could be responsible. • There are populations that do not fit the correlation such as the Masai of Kenya. They have a diet that ...
... • A positive correlation has been found between saturated fatty acid intake and rates of CHD in many studies. • Correlation ≠ causation. Another factor, e.g. dietary fiber could be responsible. • There are populations that do not fit the correlation such as the Masai of Kenya. They have a diet that ...
Cellular Respiration - Peoria Public Schools
... - glucose goes to cells and some glycogen and fat - fats into adipose - amino acids used in protein synthesis ...
... - glucose goes to cells and some glycogen and fat - fats into adipose - amino acids used in protein synthesis ...
The Citric acid cycle (2)
... • It also has a central role in gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and interconversion of amino acids. – So, components of the cycle have a direct or indirect controlling effects in key enzymes of other pathways. ...
... • It also has a central role in gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and interconversion of amino acids. – So, components of the cycle have a direct or indirect controlling effects in key enzymes of other pathways. ...
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis - University of San Diego Home
... Glycolytic endpoints -‐ depending on which cell and conditions, glucose metabolism results in the production of ethanol, lactate and CO2, H2O via pyruvate • This is the predominate fate of glucose in mamm ...
... Glycolytic endpoints -‐ depending on which cell and conditions, glucose metabolism results in the production of ethanol, lactate and CO2, H2O via pyruvate • This is the predominate fate of glucose in mamm ...
Bacterial Physiology Lec-8 Catabolism: Tricarboxylic acid cycle
... oxaloacetate, to form citrate and to begin the six–carbon stage. Citrate (a tertiary alcohol) is rearranged to give isocitrate which is oxidized and decarboxylated twice to yield α-ketoglutarate, then succinyl-CoA. 2NADH are formed and 2 carbons are lost from the cycle as CO2 . Because 2 carbons wer ...
... oxaloacetate, to form citrate and to begin the six–carbon stage. Citrate (a tertiary alcohol) is rearranged to give isocitrate which is oxidized and decarboxylated twice to yield α-ketoglutarate, then succinyl-CoA. 2NADH are formed and 2 carbons are lost from the cycle as CO2 . Because 2 carbons wer ...
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
... Hexose Monophosphate Pathway (HMP) = Phosphogluconate Pathway Sometimes called a shunt. • Operates at same time as EMP ...
... Hexose Monophosphate Pathway (HMP) = Phosphogluconate Pathway Sometimes called a shunt. • Operates at same time as EMP ...
Chapter 5:Bioenergetics and oxidative phosphorylation Q1: why is
... Q1: what are the substrates of gluconeogenesis? Q2: starting from lactate list all the steps for glucose synthesis? Q3: explain how alanine converted into glucose? Q4: write down the net equation of gluconeogenesis? And how many ATPs are produced? Q5: what is "Cori cycle"? and what are the biochemic ...
... Q1: what are the substrates of gluconeogenesis? Q2: starting from lactate list all the steps for glucose synthesis? Q3: explain how alanine converted into glucose? Q4: write down the net equation of gluconeogenesis? And how many ATPs are produced? Q5: what is "Cori cycle"? and what are the biochemic ...
Stored Triglycerides (Fat)
... The water-soluble glycerol molecule formed from lipolysis can diffuse from the adipocytes into the circulation. The liver can use the glycerol in the circulation to form glucose through gluconeogenesis. Glycerol is accepted as 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde, which degrades to pyruvate to be oxidized for AT ...
... The water-soluble glycerol molecule formed from lipolysis can diffuse from the adipocytes into the circulation. The liver can use the glycerol in the circulation to form glucose through gluconeogenesis. Glycerol is accepted as 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde, which degrades to pyruvate to be oxidized for AT ...
Lec 3: Carbohydrate metabolism
... use glucose as their sole or primary energy source, but they lack the enzymatic machinery to synthesize it. Liver and kidney cortex are the primary gluconeogenic tissues. ...
... use glucose as their sole or primary energy source, but they lack the enzymatic machinery to synthesize it. Liver and kidney cortex are the primary gluconeogenic tissues. ...
2, The Glyoxylate Pathway
... Acetyl-CoA is an allosteric activator 2. PEP carboxykinase (PEPCK) ...
... Acetyl-CoA is an allosteric activator 2. PEP carboxykinase (PEPCK) ...
H &
... tion. Many other cells do oxidize other sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids to obtain energy, however. Certain enz)rrnescontained in such cells degradethesesubstancesto compounds that eventually enter catabolism through the central core of glucose metabolism. Figure 24.3 shows the entry points. Man ...
... tion. Many other cells do oxidize other sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids to obtain energy, however. Certain enz)rrnescontained in such cells degradethesesubstancesto compounds that eventually enter catabolism through the central core of glucose metabolism. Figure 24.3 shows the entry points. Man ...
Enzymes and their Cofactors Source: Biochemistry: An Illustrated
... degrades odd-numbered fatty acids -- Methionine synthase/homocysteine methyltransferase: This enzyme transfers a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (N5-methylTHF) onto homocysteine to form methionine. Methionine reacts with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to generate S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) ...
... degrades odd-numbered fatty acids -- Methionine synthase/homocysteine methyltransferase: This enzyme transfers a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (N5-methylTHF) onto homocysteine to form methionine. Methionine reacts with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to generate S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) ...
metabolism - Websupport1
... reticulum, where they are resynthesized into triglycerides. Triglycerides, combined with cholesterol and phospholipids and then they are coated with proteins, creating a complex called chylomicrons (complex of lipids and proteins or lipoproteins). The protein coat makes them water soluble and facili ...
... reticulum, where they are resynthesized into triglycerides. Triglycerides, combined with cholesterol and phospholipids and then they are coated with proteins, creating a complex called chylomicrons (complex of lipids and proteins or lipoproteins). The protein coat makes them water soluble and facili ...
Glycolysis - medscistudents
... Substrate level phosphorylation Steps 6 and 9 Catalysed by Phosphoglycerate kinase & Pyruvate kinase 2ATP x 2 = 4 ATP Total ATP in aerobic glycolysis =10 ATP – 2 ATP = 8 ATP/ glucose Anaerobic glycolysis: 1 and 3 = 2 ATP used Steps 6 and 9 2 ATP x 2 = ...
... Substrate level phosphorylation Steps 6 and 9 Catalysed by Phosphoglycerate kinase & Pyruvate kinase 2ATP x 2 = 4 ATP Total ATP in aerobic glycolysis =10 ATP – 2 ATP = 8 ATP/ glucose Anaerobic glycolysis: 1 and 3 = 2 ATP used Steps 6 and 9 2 ATP x 2 = ...
glycogen
... a-amylase enzyme is secreted by the pancreas and has the same activity as salivary amylase, producing disaccharides. Which converted to monosaccharides by the specific intestinal disaccharidases, sucrase, lactase, and maltase. ...
... a-amylase enzyme is secreted by the pancreas and has the same activity as salivary amylase, producing disaccharides. Which converted to monosaccharides by the specific intestinal disaccharidases, sucrase, lactase, and maltase. ...
Quiz 7 Name: 1. After ATP fuels the Na+/K+ pump at the cell
... 5. When O2 is absent, mitochondrial electron transport stops and NADH can no longer drop off electrons. Predict what happens in the absence of O2: A) Glycolysis continues to produce ATP irrespective of what happens to NADH. B) Glycolysis stops unless NADH is used for something else. 6. During intens ...
... 5. When O2 is absent, mitochondrial electron transport stops and NADH can no longer drop off electrons. Predict what happens in the absence of O2: A) Glycolysis continues to produce ATP irrespective of what happens to NADH. B) Glycolysis stops unless NADH is used for something else. 6. During intens ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.