metabole
... cell. Bacteria therefore elaborate extracellular enzymes for the degradation of carbohydrates to sugars (carbohydrases), proteins to amino acids (proteases), and lipids to fatty acids (Lipases). ...
... cell. Bacteria therefore elaborate extracellular enzymes for the degradation of carbohydrates to sugars (carbohydrases), proteins to amino acids (proteases), and lipids to fatty acids (Lipases). ...
Biochemistry 6/e
... Hydroxybutyrate Hydroxybutyrate is converted back to acetoacetate to get acetylCoA and acetone is lost. ...
... Hydroxybutyrate Hydroxybutyrate is converted back to acetoacetate to get acetylCoA and acetone is lost. ...
Exam 3 - Chemistry Courses: About
... E. ____________ To run a molecule of glucose through glycolysis to pyruvate and then back through gluconeogenesis to glucose would cost the cell 4 ATP equivalents. F. ____________ Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is a potent inhibitor of phosphofructokinase in humans. G. ____________ In the glycolysis path ...
... E. ____________ To run a molecule of glucose through glycolysis to pyruvate and then back through gluconeogenesis to glucose would cost the cell 4 ATP equivalents. F. ____________ Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is a potent inhibitor of phosphofructokinase in humans. G. ____________ In the glycolysis path ...
MACROMOLECULES - Savitha Sastry
... Saturated fats - solids at room temp. - have all Carbons SATURATED - that means every carbon has max. number of hydrogen attached Ex. butter Unsaturated fats - liquid at room temp. - have some Carbons UNSATURATED that means DOUBLE BONDS from some carbons having less than max. number of hydrogen att ...
... Saturated fats - solids at room temp. - have all Carbons SATURATED - that means every carbon has max. number of hydrogen attached Ex. butter Unsaturated fats - liquid at room temp. - have some Carbons UNSATURATED that means DOUBLE BONDS from some carbons having less than max. number of hydrogen att ...
HERE
... “Free” blood glucose entering cells is first phosphorylated to glucose 6 phosphate which can be metabolized for energy in glycolysis. ...
... “Free” blood glucose entering cells is first phosphorylated to glucose 6 phosphate which can be metabolized for energy in glycolysis. ...
Document
... Discuss the properties (structure and function) of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharide. And Give an example of each one. Monosaccharides – single sugar units, the monomers of carbohydrates. Primary source of energy for cells, some can be structural. Glucose is the main source of energ ...
... Discuss the properties (structure and function) of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharide. And Give an example of each one. Monosaccharides – single sugar units, the monomers of carbohydrates. Primary source of energy for cells, some can be structural. Glucose is the main source of energ ...
Chapter 8 Homeostasis of blood sugar, gas concentrations and
... When the glucose levels rise the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin which lowers the blood glucose by three ways – allowing entry of glucose into the cells, glycogenesis where the glucose is converted to glycogen and lipogenesis where the excess glucose is stored as fat in the ad ...
... When the glucose levels rise the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin which lowers the blood glucose by three ways – allowing entry of glucose into the cells, glycogenesis where the glucose is converted to glycogen and lipogenesis where the excess glucose is stored as fat in the ad ...
... (3) Wash two times with a mixture of 3 parts ethyl alcohol and one part ethyl ether and a third time with ethyl ether to remove corotenoid colw and other lipids. (4) Let the ether ewporate from the pellet and resuspend in I ml Biuret reqent. (5) Incubate for 30 min. ot room temperoture on a shaker. ...
The process of beta oxidation is named after the carbon atom in the
... 8CH3-CO-S-CoA + 7FADH2 + 7NADH + 7H+ The completion of the degradation process (coenzyme oxidation) requires the citric acid cycle which yields an additional 96 mols of ATP for all 8 acetyl-CoA units oxidized in the process. The total energy yield of palmitic acid oxidation results ...
... 8CH3-CO-S-CoA + 7FADH2 + 7NADH + 7H+ The completion of the degradation process (coenzyme oxidation) requires the citric acid cycle which yields an additional 96 mols of ATP for all 8 acetyl-CoA units oxidized in the process. The total energy yield of palmitic acid oxidation results ...
acyl-CoA
... blood to be effective as a fuel ketones are the preferred fuel if glucose, ketones, fatty acids all available in the blood primary tissues: using ketones, when available, are brain, muscle, kidney and intestine, but NOT the liver. -Hydroxybutyrate + NAD+ acetoacetate + NADH -hydroxybutyrate dehy ...
... blood to be effective as a fuel ketones are the preferred fuel if glucose, ketones, fatty acids all available in the blood primary tissues: using ketones, when available, are brain, muscle, kidney and intestine, but NOT the liver. -Hydroxybutyrate + NAD+ acetoacetate + NADH -hydroxybutyrate dehy ...
103 Lecture Ch23b
... - NAD+ is regenerated to continue glycolysis • The CO2 produced during fermentation make the bubbles in ...
... - NAD+ is regenerated to continue glycolysis • The CO2 produced during fermentation make the bubbles in ...
Lecture 22 – New HW assignment – Anaerobic metabolism (continued) – Other sugars
... Galactose - hydrolysis of lactose (milk sugar) Mannose - from the digestion of polysaccharides and glycoproteins. All converted to glycolytic intermediates. ...
... Galactose - hydrolysis of lactose (milk sugar) Mannose - from the digestion of polysaccharides and glycoproteins. All converted to glycolytic intermediates. ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis
... The initial materials can come directly from the chloroplast, from stored starch in an amyloplast, or from imported sucrose. The activation of fructose and glucose requires ATP. ...
... The initial materials can come directly from the chloroplast, from stored starch in an amyloplast, or from imported sucrose. The activation of fructose and glucose requires ATP. ...
syllabus - option b(human biochemistry)
... The aim of this option is to give students an understanding of the chemistry of important molecules foundin the human body, and the need for a balanced and healthy diet. Although the role that these molecules play in the body should be appreciated, the emphasis is placed on their chemistry, and stud ...
... The aim of this option is to give students an understanding of the chemistry of important molecules foundin the human body, and the need for a balanced and healthy diet. Although the role that these molecules play in the body should be appreciated, the emphasis is placed on their chemistry, and stud ...
Lecture 4
... Note different sites of activation by insulin 3. Formation of Glycogen (Fig, 12-2 – Metab) Glucose-6-Phosphatase (only in Liver) – WHY? Optional pathways for G-6-P 4. Enzymatic Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism Synthesis – Glycogen Synthase (Fig 12-4 Metab.) Degradation – Glycogen Phosphorylase (Fig ...
... Note different sites of activation by insulin 3. Formation of Glycogen (Fig, 12-2 – Metab) Glucose-6-Phosphatase (only in Liver) – WHY? Optional pathways for G-6-P 4. Enzymatic Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism Synthesis – Glycogen Synthase (Fig 12-4 Metab.) Degradation – Glycogen Phosphorylase (Fig ...
Practice - Univerzita Karlova v Praze
... down the TCA cycle and the associated production of aerobic energy, which is essential to normal brain development. • Newborns are routinelly tested for blood concentration of Phe. • The diet with low-phenylalanine diet. ...
... down the TCA cycle and the associated production of aerobic energy, which is essential to normal brain development. • Newborns are routinelly tested for blood concentration of Phe. • The diet with low-phenylalanine diet. ...
Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs): Your Brain and Body
... Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs): Your Brain and Body Fatty acids are the basic building blocks of which fats and oils are composed. Contrary to popular myth, the body does need fat. It must be the right kind, however. The fatty acids that are necessary for health and that cannot be made by the body are ...
... Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs): Your Brain and Body Fatty acids are the basic building blocks of which fats and oils are composed. Contrary to popular myth, the body does need fat. It must be the right kind, however. The fatty acids that are necessary for health and that cannot be made by the body are ...
Vitamins and Minerals
... 1. This one-step reaction involves hydrogen transfer, which regenerates NAD and allows for continued function of the glycolysis pathway. 2. Lactate production occurs in cells with few or no mitochondria and in muscle cells during high-intensity activity. 3. Glycolysis is an inefficient energy produc ...
... 1. This one-step reaction involves hydrogen transfer, which regenerates NAD and allows for continued function of the glycolysis pathway. 2. Lactate production occurs in cells with few or no mitochondria and in muscle cells during high-intensity activity. 3. Glycolysis is an inefficient energy produc ...
Oxidative degradation of glucose File
... major pathway for the utilization of glucose for the production of energy and is found in the cytosol of all cells. • Glycolysis can function under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. • Two molecules of pyruvate are produced. Pyruvate is then converted to Acetyl CoA. • 2. In the second pathway, Citric ...
... major pathway for the utilization of glucose for the production of energy and is found in the cytosol of all cells. • Glycolysis can function under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. • Two molecules of pyruvate are produced. Pyruvate is then converted to Acetyl CoA. • 2. In the second pathway, Citric ...
Substrate Breakdown
... Helps to maintain blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (The formation of new glucose) in the liver Secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose levels. Most of its actions are through a cyclic AMP ...
... Helps to maintain blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (The formation of new glucose) in the liver Secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose levels. Most of its actions are through a cyclic AMP ...
Portal Hypertension
... Factors II, V, VII, IX, X are produced only in the liver ◦ All except for V are vitamin K dependent ...
... Factors II, V, VII, IX, X are produced only in the liver ◦ All except for V are vitamin K dependent ...
Lecture 2 Glycolysis
... • Pyruvate is used for biosynthesis of many amino acids • Can also be turned into other metabolites which enter other biosynthetic pathways • Pyruvate can undergo oxidative decarboxylation to make acetyl‐CoA, which is also widely used for both energy generation and for biosynthesis ...
... • Pyruvate is used for biosynthesis of many amino acids • Can also be turned into other metabolites which enter other biosynthetic pathways • Pyruvate can undergo oxidative decarboxylation to make acetyl‐CoA, which is also widely used for both energy generation and for biosynthesis ...
Document
... widely, contributing to the heterogeneity of this group of compounds. 5. Phospholipids are مهمهsynthesized in the Smooth ER-- then transported to Golgi apparatus and then membranes organelles or plasma membrane, or are secreted by exocytosis االخراج الخلوي. 6. There are two classes of phospholi ...
... widely, contributing to the heterogeneity of this group of compounds. 5. Phospholipids are مهمهsynthesized in the Smooth ER-- then transported to Golgi apparatus and then membranes organelles or plasma membrane, or are secreted by exocytosis االخراج الخلوي. 6. There are two classes of phospholi ...
Chapter 12 (part 1) - University of Nevada, Reno
... • Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + Q + GDP + Pi +2 H20 HS-CoA + 3NADH + QH2 + GTP + 2 CO2 + 2 H+ ...
... • Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + Q + GDP + Pi +2 H20 HS-CoA + 3NADH + QH2 + GTP + 2 CO2 + 2 H+ ...
Step 1: Hexokinase
... – Don’t worry about [H+] – use equations as given in problem. – Determine [glucose] at equilibrium (ΔG’ = 0); then a concentration greater than this will favor production of G6P. ...
... – Don’t worry about [H+] – use equations as given in problem. – Determine [glucose] at equilibrium (ΔG’ = 0); then a concentration greater than this will favor production of G6P. ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.