Kreb`s Cycle - Montgomery College
... Variations of Glycolysis • In the absence of oxygen, liberation of energy can occur through fermentation pathways yielding a max of 2 ATP/glucose • Fermentation is similar to glycolysis except that the end product is not pyruvate because of the addition of a few steps necessary to regenerate NAD+ ...
... Variations of Glycolysis • In the absence of oxygen, liberation of energy can occur through fermentation pathways yielding a max of 2 ATP/glucose • Fermentation is similar to glycolysis except that the end product is not pyruvate because of the addition of a few steps necessary to regenerate NAD+ ...
Chapter 1 - Nutrition Gardener
... Answer: If macronutrients are not available via ingested food, the body can rely on its stores of energy-yielding compounds to survive, often for an extended period. Glycogenolysis in the liver breaks down glycogen stores, and glucose is released into the blood; adipose tissues release fatty acids ...
... Answer: If macronutrients are not available via ingested food, the body can rely on its stores of energy-yielding compounds to survive, often for an extended period. Glycogenolysis in the liver breaks down glycogen stores, and glucose is released into the blood; adipose tissues release fatty acids ...
Introduction to Lipid Metabolism Roles of Lipids - Rose
... Because layers of lipids are good insulators, and because adipose tissue has limited metabolic activity, fat stores can reduce the exchange of heat between an organism and its environment. This insulation is important for mammals living in cold climates, and is especially important for marine mammal ...
... Because layers of lipids are good insulators, and because adipose tissue has limited metabolic activity, fat stores can reduce the exchange of heat between an organism and its environment. This insulation is important for mammals living in cold climates, and is especially important for marine mammal ...
Regulation of Organic Metabolism, Growth, and
... acetyl CoA carboxylase (transcription) fatty acid synthase ...
... acetyl CoA carboxylase (transcription) fatty acid synthase ...
Multiple Choice
... glycerol; they are very hydrophobic because the carboxyl groups, which are involved in the ester linkages, cannot ionize. Phosphoglycerides have a polar region at their head group, where a phosphate in a phosphodiester linkage bears a full negative charge. The head group itself (serine, ethanolamine ...
... glycerol; they are very hydrophobic because the carboxyl groups, which are involved in the ester linkages, cannot ionize. Phosphoglycerides have a polar region at their head group, where a phosphate in a phosphodiester linkage bears a full negative charge. The head group itself (serine, ethanolamine ...
Chap 70 - The Liver As An Organ
... c. skeletal muscle does not have G-6-Phosphatase d. skeletal muscle does not release glucose into the blood ...
... c. skeletal muscle does not have G-6-Phosphatase d. skeletal muscle does not release glucose into the blood ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
... of diacylglycerol lipase and monoacylglycerol lipase yields fatty acids and glycerol. The adipose cell then releases the fatty acids and the glycerol into the blood where they are carried in complexes with serum albumin to sites of utilization. ...
... of diacylglycerol lipase and monoacylglycerol lipase yields fatty acids and glycerol. The adipose cell then releases the fatty acids and the glycerol into the blood where they are carried in complexes with serum albumin to sites of utilization. ...
EXAM III KEY - the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center
... __T___ 2) Vitamins A, E and K are all isoprenoids. __F___ 3) Transport of ions and small molecules through a bacterial membrane pore requires energy from an ATP to ADP conversion. __T___ 4) The principle advantage of a cascade mechanism in signal transduction is that one molecule of a ligand can aff ...
... __T___ 2) Vitamins A, E and K are all isoprenoids. __F___ 3) Transport of ions and small molecules through a bacterial membrane pore requires energy from an ATP to ADP conversion. __T___ 4) The principle advantage of a cascade mechanism in signal transduction is that one molecule of a ligand can aff ...
PP - Chemistry Courses: About
... • NAD+/NADH is a co-substrate which means… • If there is no oxygen, glycolysis will stop because… • The solution to the problem is to… ...
... • NAD+/NADH is a co-substrate which means… • If there is no oxygen, glycolysis will stop because… • The solution to the problem is to… ...
View/Open - Oregon State University
... 4. In animals, lactate is made from pyruvate when oxygen is missing (anaerobic - such as in muscles during heavy exertion). This is done to regenerate NAD+, which is low in low oxygen conditions. NAD+ is needed to keep glycolysis going under these conditions. 5. In microorganisms, pyruvate is conver ...
... 4. In animals, lactate is made from pyruvate when oxygen is missing (anaerobic - such as in muscles during heavy exertion). This is done to regenerate NAD+, which is low in low oxygen conditions. NAD+ is needed to keep glycolysis going under these conditions. 5. In microorganisms, pyruvate is conver ...
Biochemistry Final
... with the energy it needs, and some travels to the tissues as well to generate ATP necessary for function. Gluconeogenesis is also on in the liver to generate glucose from free intermediates. The liver can only store a day’s worth of glycogen, so when these stores get depleted, the brain is once agai ...
... with the energy it needs, and some travels to the tissues as well to generate ATP necessary for function. Gluconeogenesis is also on in the liver to generate glucose from free intermediates. The liver can only store a day’s worth of glycogen, so when these stores get depleted, the brain is once agai ...
Final Examination
... glycogen is released in a form which enters glycolysis as Glucose-6-phosphate, and because of this it skips the first priming step catalyzed by hexokinase. Since hexokinase uses on 1 ATP per glucose, only one ATP must be spent in priming glucose-6-phosphate (by PFK-1). Since 4 ATPs are produced in t ...
... glycogen is released in a form which enters glycolysis as Glucose-6-phosphate, and because of this it skips the first priming step catalyzed by hexokinase. Since hexokinase uses on 1 ATP per glucose, only one ATP must be spent in priming glucose-6-phosphate (by PFK-1). Since 4 ATPs are produced in t ...
Nobel Prizes 1907 Eduard Buchner, cell
... epimerase )|FAA-CoAglc(animal:even number,no;odd,yes;plants:yes,glyoxylate cycle)|omega Oxidation in ER|Phytanic acid oxidation in Peroxisome| Difference between phytanic acid and pristanic acid: methyl group on beta carbon cannot undergo b oxidation|Ketone body: Acetyl-CoA CoA in liver can be con ...
... epimerase )|FAA-CoAglc(animal:even number,no;odd,yes;plants:yes,glyoxylate cycle)|omega Oxidation in ER|Phytanic acid oxidation in Peroxisome| Difference between phytanic acid and pristanic acid: methyl group on beta carbon cannot undergo b oxidation|Ketone body: Acetyl-CoA CoA in liver can be con ...
Document
... much of glucose passes through liver for delivery to other organs: brain and other tissues for oxidation to CO2; red blood cell to lactate and pyruvate (why not to CO2?); adipose tissue to fat; muscle to glycogen as well as glycolysis and TCA cycle. ...
... much of glucose passes through liver for delivery to other organs: brain and other tissues for oxidation to CO2; red blood cell to lactate and pyruvate (why not to CO2?); adipose tissue to fat; muscle to glycogen as well as glycolysis and TCA cycle. ...
DISEASES OF LIPID METABOLISM
... a. This is ATHE@ control step in lipid (fatty acid) degradation. Triglycerides are mobilized by increased activity of the hormone sensitive lipase. This enzyme is inhibited by insulin (well-fed-conditions) but is stimulated by glucagon (fasting), epinephrine (stress), ACTH (stress), and growth hormo ...
... a. This is ATHE@ control step in lipid (fatty acid) degradation. Triglycerides are mobilized by increased activity of the hormone sensitive lipase. This enzyme is inhibited by insulin (well-fed-conditions) but is stimulated by glucagon (fasting), epinephrine (stress), ACTH (stress), and growth hormo ...
File
... The removal of amine groups from the amino acid is transamination. Amino acids undergo the process of deamination, oxidative deamination and other changes to become one of the intermediates in Glycolosis or the Krebs cycle Q11 Name four different molecules that are entry points into the Krebs cycle ...
... The removal of amine groups from the amino acid is transamination. Amino acids undergo the process of deamination, oxidative deamination and other changes to become one of the intermediates in Glycolosis or the Krebs cycle Q11 Name four different molecules that are entry points into the Krebs cycle ...
Chapter 7
... • interaction of starch with protein, fat. • presence of antinutrient such as phytate, tannin, saponins and enzyme inhibitors. ...
... • interaction of starch with protein, fat. • presence of antinutrient such as phytate, tannin, saponins and enzyme inhibitors. ...
Unit 06 Lecture Notes: Metabolism and Respiration
... 6. Detailed overview of cellular respiration A. See class notes! 7. GLYCOLYSIS A. Phase 1 1) Glucose (6 C) into two G3P (3 C each) 2) Requires 2 ATP 3) Phosphofructokinase a) Inhibited by citric acid & ATP b) Why is fructose bad? B. Phase 2 1) Two G3P into two pyruvates 2) Makes 4 ATP via substrate ...
... 6. Detailed overview of cellular respiration A. See class notes! 7. GLYCOLYSIS A. Phase 1 1) Glucose (6 C) into two G3P (3 C each) 2) Requires 2 ATP 3) Phosphofructokinase a) Inhibited by citric acid & ATP b) Why is fructose bad? B. Phase 2 1) Two G3P into two pyruvates 2) Makes 4 ATP via substrate ...
2b.-Citric-Acid-Cycle
... • ______ enzymes present in the _____ have acted on the substrate _____ and oxidised it. This rapid release of _____has reduced the resazurin dye and caused it to change colour. – Explain why the reaction in test tube B was slower than test tube A. • Test tube was slower than A because no glucose wa ...
... • ______ enzymes present in the _____ have acted on the substrate _____ and oxidised it. This rapid release of _____has reduced the resazurin dye and caused it to change colour. – Explain why the reaction in test tube B was slower than test tube A. • Test tube was slower than A because no glucose wa ...
BIOANALYTICAL/CLINICAL ANALYSIS
... ASCORBIC ACID = VITAMIN C C. ASCORBIC ACID + O2 ACID FORM OF ASCORBATE(Oxidizes rapidly in air=precautions necessary) Normal Levels 0.5 to 1.5mg% Needed for regulation of Colloidal Condition of intercellular Substances Not naturally produced = must be taken in diet COMMON ASSAY: 2,6 Dichloro Indop ...
... ASCORBIC ACID = VITAMIN C C. ASCORBIC ACID + O2 ACID FORM OF ASCORBATE(Oxidizes rapidly in air=precautions necessary) Normal Levels 0.5 to 1.5mg% Needed for regulation of Colloidal Condition of intercellular Substances Not naturally produced = must be taken in diet COMMON ASSAY: 2,6 Dichloro Indop ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.