biochem
... hyperventilate .Lab investigations reveal metabolic acidosis, increased anion gap and high lactate levels. These findings are best explained by low activity of ...
... hyperventilate .Lab investigations reveal metabolic acidosis, increased anion gap and high lactate levels. These findings are best explained by low activity of ...
Gluconeogensis
... ii. Process called shuttling IX. PEP Carboxykinase Reaction (S9) a. Second reaction of gluconeogenesis b. Cleaves CO2 & attaches a phosphate to oxaloacetate c. Called a kinase b/c ATP is involved d. Single ATP can’t add phosphate to pyruvate to make PEP b/c it requires more energy than the ATP has i ...
... ii. Process called shuttling IX. PEP Carboxykinase Reaction (S9) a. Second reaction of gluconeogenesis b. Cleaves CO2 & attaches a phosphate to oxaloacetate c. Called a kinase b/c ATP is involved d. Single ATP can’t add phosphate to pyruvate to make PEP b/c it requires more energy than the ATP has i ...
Energy Metabolism and water vitamins
... ☻ Converts fructose and galactose to glucose ☻ Makes and stores gglycogen y g ☻ Breaks down glycogen and release glucose ☻ Breaks down glucose for energy when needed ☻ Makes glucose from some amino acids and glycerol when needed ...
... ☻ Converts fructose and galactose to glucose ☻ Makes and stores gglycogen y g ☻ Breaks down glycogen and release glucose ☻ Breaks down glucose for energy when needed ☻ Makes glucose from some amino acids and glycerol when needed ...
Protein Metabolism - Morning By Morning!
... 1. Cytosolic threonine dehydratase to succinyl coA (common) 2. Mitoch. Threonine dehydrogenase to pyruvate (conc high) Mitoch. Threonine complex converts threonine to glycine Catab. Mostly in liver & kidney In kidney, used w/glycine in 1st reaction of creatine syn. In liver, generates urea as part o ...
... 1. Cytosolic threonine dehydratase to succinyl coA (common) 2. Mitoch. Threonine dehydrogenase to pyruvate (conc high) Mitoch. Threonine complex converts threonine to glycine Catab. Mostly in liver & kidney In kidney, used w/glycine in 1st reaction of creatine syn. In liver, generates urea as part o ...
Triacylglycerol and Phospholipid Biosynthesis
... I. Regulation of Fatty acid Metabolism It is energetically wasteful to have fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation occurring at the same time. Hence these 2 metabolic pathways are reciprocally regulated. This coordinated regulation is also related to the regulation of glycolysis, and the regulation of ...
... I. Regulation of Fatty acid Metabolism It is energetically wasteful to have fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation occurring at the same time. Hence these 2 metabolic pathways are reciprocally regulated. This coordinated regulation is also related to the regulation of glycolysis, and the regulation of ...
Summary
... Aerobic “respiration” in mitochondria: important for ATP synthesis and a source of intermediates for other biochemical pathways pyruvate (C3H3O3) + 4 NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2H2O ...
... Aerobic “respiration” in mitochondria: important for ATP synthesis and a source of intermediates for other biochemical pathways pyruvate (C3H3O3) + 4 NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2H2O ...
HEMOGLOBIN
... c-Measure the amount of product formed or substrate used N.B. Must follows zero order reaction 2. KINETIC OR RATE REACTION ASSAY ...
... c-Measure the amount of product formed or substrate used N.B. Must follows zero order reaction 2. KINETIC OR RATE REACTION ASSAY ...
Carbohydrates & Begin Lipids
... 2. Too much cholesterol in our diets causes deposits of fatty acids (called plaques) to build up in in our blood vessels. 3. This condition is known as atherosclerosis. 4. When blood vessels become blocked we can suffer from: A. Stroke (blockage in the brain) B. Heart attack (blockage to arteries in ...
... 2. Too much cholesterol in our diets causes deposits of fatty acids (called plaques) to build up in in our blood vessels. 3. This condition is known as atherosclerosis. 4. When blood vessels become blocked we can suffer from: A. Stroke (blockage in the brain) B. Heart attack (blockage to arteries in ...
Final Exam (5/15/14)
... 9. In some bacteria, the citric acid cycle runs backwards from oxaloacetate to citrate to reduce CO2. We feed bacteria with oxaloacetate labeled with14-C on the methyl carbon (-CH2-). a. Draw the citrate molecule indicating where the label is. If only a fraction of molecules contain that label, indi ...
... 9. In some bacteria, the citric acid cycle runs backwards from oxaloacetate to citrate to reduce CO2. We feed bacteria with oxaloacetate labeled with14-C on the methyl carbon (-CH2-). a. Draw the citrate molecule indicating where the label is. If only a fraction of molecules contain that label, indi ...
Shunt Pathway Significance of pentose phosphate pathway
... Functions of NADPH : 1 - NADPH is used for reductive biosynthesis particularly of fatty acids ,cholesterol and steroid hormones . 2 - NADPH has bactericidal role : During inflammation , bacteria phagocytosed by inflammatory cells ( neutrophils , eosinophils , monocytes and macrophages ) . These cell ...
... Functions of NADPH : 1 - NADPH is used for reductive biosynthesis particularly of fatty acids ,cholesterol and steroid hormones . 2 - NADPH has bactericidal role : During inflammation , bacteria phagocytosed by inflammatory cells ( neutrophils , eosinophils , monocytes and macrophages ) . These cell ...
U4L22 exercise - University of Sydney
... This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of the University of Sydney pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by y ...
... This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of the University of Sydney pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by y ...
Biochemie jater
... -These sugars are then converted to glucose 6-phosphate and other intermediates of glycolysis (subsequently, they are either stored as the reserve carbohydrate glycogen or degraded) -Another large part is converted into fatty acids -Only a small fraction is used for the generation of ATP 2. The live ...
... -These sugars are then converted to glucose 6-phosphate and other intermediates of glycolysis (subsequently, they are either stored as the reserve carbohydrate glycogen or degraded) -Another large part is converted into fatty acids -Only a small fraction is used for the generation of ATP 2. The live ...
Metabolic engineering Synthetic Biology
... Improvement of production yield of artemisinic acid - Production level is too low to be economically feasible - Discovery of a plant dehydrogenase and a second cytochrome that provide an efficient biosynthetic route to artemisinic acid, with fermentation titres of 25 g/L of artemisinic acid by yeas ...
... Improvement of production yield of artemisinic acid - Production level is too low to be economically feasible - Discovery of a plant dehydrogenase and a second cytochrome that provide an efficient biosynthetic route to artemisinic acid, with fermentation titres of 25 g/L of artemisinic acid by yeas ...
Protein and Lipid Catabolism
... • Uses organic compound as terminal electron acceptor – Typically pyruvate or derivative • NO oxidative phosphorylation so ATP yield is low ...
... • Uses organic compound as terminal electron acceptor – Typically pyruvate or derivative • NO oxidative phosphorylation so ATP yield is low ...
Blood Glucose
... • The activated receptor then phosphorylates a number of intracellular proteins called insulin-receptor substrates (IRS1-4). • These substrates are coupled to several additional protein kinase signal systems ...
... • The activated receptor then phosphorylates a number of intracellular proteins called insulin-receptor substrates (IRS1-4). • These substrates are coupled to several additional protein kinase signal systems ...
Biochemistry: A Short Course
... steps to yield fatty acids and glycerol. The fatty acids are taken up by cells and used as a fuel. ...
... steps to yield fatty acids and glycerol. The fatty acids are taken up by cells and used as a fuel. ...
Lecture 7: Metabolic Regulation - University of California, Berkeley
... Glucagon levels goes down in response to high [glucose]. The opposite regulation of the PFK2/FBPase-2 will occur. The enzyme will become dephosphorylated, which results in the activation of the PFK-2 activity. You will now have much more fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. The glucose-6phosphate that your li ...
... Glucagon levels goes down in response to high [glucose]. The opposite regulation of the PFK2/FBPase-2 will occur. The enzyme will become dephosphorylated, which results in the activation of the PFK-2 activity. You will now have much more fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. The glucose-6phosphate that your li ...
Chapter 20 Specific Catabolic Pathways: Carbohydrate, Lipid, and
... that cleaves carbon atoms two at a time from the carboxyl end of a fatty acid. • Reaction 1: The fatty acid is activated by conversion to an acyl CoA. Activation is equivalent to the hydrolysis of two high-energy phosphate anhydrides. O R-CH2 -CH2 -C-OH + ATP + CoA-SH A fatty acid ...
... that cleaves carbon atoms two at a time from the carboxyl end of a fatty acid. • Reaction 1: The fatty acid is activated by conversion to an acyl CoA. Activation is equivalent to the hydrolysis of two high-energy phosphate anhydrides. O R-CH2 -CH2 -C-OH + ATP + CoA-SH A fatty acid ...
Fate of pyruvate
... Citric acid cycle is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of Carbohydrates (as glucose), proteins (amino acids) & lipids (fatty acids) to yield energy (ATP) ...
... Citric acid cycle is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of Carbohydrates (as glucose), proteins (amino acids) & lipids (fatty acids) to yield energy (ATP) ...
Chapter 14 Glycolysis Glucose 2 Pyruvate → → → 2 Lactate (sent to
... This reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP which results in an energetically favorable reaction (large, negative ΔG= irreversible rxn). This reaction is not unique to glycolysis. In fact, all glucose is phosphorylated once it enters the cell, no matter what its ultimate fate is (glycolysis, g ...
... This reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP which results in an energetically favorable reaction (large, negative ΔG= irreversible rxn). This reaction is not unique to glycolysis. In fact, all glucose is phosphorylated once it enters the cell, no matter what its ultimate fate is (glycolysis, g ...
Ch. 33 Synthesis of Fatty acids, Triacylglycerols, Membrane lipids
... dietary glucose (or amino acids) in the liver • Explain the role of VLDL lipoprotein particles • Explain the use of fatty acids for triglyceride synthesis • Explain the use of fatty acids for synthesis of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids ...
... dietary glucose (or amino acids) in the liver • Explain the role of VLDL lipoprotein particles • Explain the use of fatty acids for triglyceride synthesis • Explain the use of fatty acids for synthesis of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids ...
ppt
... • Insulin resistance, obesity, altered blood lipid levels • High risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease • Read description in text (Fig. 35) ...
... • Insulin resistance, obesity, altered blood lipid levels • High risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease • Read description in text (Fig. 35) ...
TCA Cycle
... A dark-colored, mitochondrionrich adipose tissue in many mammals that generates heat (not energy) to regulate body temperature, especially in hibernating animals. ...
... A dark-colored, mitochondrionrich adipose tissue in many mammals that generates heat (not energy) to regulate body temperature, especially in hibernating animals. ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.