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link-1 to past exam paper - Personal Webspace for QMUL
link-1 to past exam paper - Personal Webspace for QMUL

... In the citric acid cycle the enzyme _______________________converts _______________________to succinyl-CoA. This enzyme process is one of two _______________________________ steps in the cycle the other being the previous step in the cycle carried out by the enzyme ___________________________. In ea ...
PracticeFinalSP2003
PracticeFinalSP2003

... dipeptide (gly)-(ala). (A mechanism is a structural drawing showing which bonds are broken, which are made, and where the electrons are going) ...
Cellular_Respiration_Answers_2
Cellular_Respiration_Answers_2

... Name_______________________ ...
Document
Document

... Our body can produce all the fatty acids except essential fatty acids. ...
Carbohydrate metabolism2
Carbohydrate metabolism2

... 1.Skeletal muscle functions under both aerobic (resting) and anaerobic (eg, sprinting) conditions, so both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis operate, depending on conditions. 2.Skeletal muscle contains myoglobin as a reservoir of oxygen. 3.Insulin acts on skeletal muscle to increase uptake of glucose ...
lec32_F2015
lec32_F2015

... CoA is a central intermediate  Anabolic role: TCA cycle provides starting material for fats and amino acids. Note: carbohydrates cannot be synthesized from acetyl-CoA by humans. PyruvateAcetyl CoA is one way!  In contrast to glycolysis, none of the intermediates are phosphorylated; but all are ei ...
metabolism and function of carbohydrates
metabolism and function of carbohydrates

... "GLUCONEOGENESIS. CORI CYCLE. PENTOSE-PHOSPHATE PATHWAY OF GLUCOSE OXIDATION." 1. Where in human organism and at which physiological condition lactic acid is produced? What is the further transformation of lactate? 2. Give the definition of gluconeogenesis. Name initial substances for this process. ...
Lecture 21
Lecture 21

... 3. Couple the transfer of the phosphate to ADP to form ATP. Stage I A preparatory stage in which glucose is phosphorylated and cleaved to yield two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate - uses two ATPs Stage II glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to pyruvate with the concomitant generation of f ...
bottom-up-methodology
bottom-up-methodology

... Example Bottom-Up Metabolic Model Construction Process 1. The Basics Starting from glucose-6-phosphate in a glycolytic organism: # sanity check that one reaction can happen FRUCTOSE-6-P[CCO-CYTOSOL] # complete glycolysis and get to pyruvate (alanine, serine, glycerol-3P) PYRUVATE[CCO-CYTOSOL] # reac ...
Fatty Acid Metabolism - chem.uwec.edu
Fatty Acid Metabolism - chem.uwec.edu

... Synthesize Glucose Even though the citric acid cycle intermediate oxaloacetate can be used to synthesize glucose, Acetyl–CoA cannot be used to synthesize oxaloacetate. The two carbons that enter the citric acid cycle as Acetyl–CoA leave as CO2. ...
The Cell, 5e
The Cell, 5e

... • Critical need for glucose especially red blood cell, brain • During fasting, liver mobilizes glycogen, makes new glucose from noncarbohydrates • (see also Chapters 1-3) ...
Citric Acid Cycle Overview
Citric Acid Cycle Overview

... • Maintenance of high energy bond • Acetyl CoA product is made • Lipoamide still reduced—not catalytically  viable at this point ...
lec27_2013 - Andrew.cmu.edu
lec27_2013 - Andrew.cmu.edu

... Anabolism [synthetic] – conversion of a small number of ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE

... Simple food molecules were scarce. Some organisms evolved ways of making them from other, more complex molecules in the environment. Chief among these were hexoses, like glucose. glucose ...
File
File

... about twenty different amino acids found in nature. The element nitrogen (N) is present in all amino acids. 1. What are the four elements present in amino acids? ___________ ...
Solution
Solution

... SID: 3. The first step in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose to generate glucose 6-phosphate (G6P). G6P can be funneled into glycolysis, or alternatively can be shunted into other pathways to be used in anabolic reactions. One such example of this is the pentose phosphate shunt, which capt ...
metabolism - Doctor Jade Main
metabolism - Doctor Jade Main

... chain fatty acids & glycerol ...
Fructose 6-Phosphate
Fructose 6-Phosphate

... High levels of ATP allosterically inhibit the phosphofructokinase 1 in the liver lowering its affinity for fructose 6-phosphate. AMP reverses the inhibitory action of ATP, and so the activity of the enzyme increases when the ATP/AMP ratio is lowered (glycolysis is stimulated as the energy charge fa ...
A Quick Look at Biochemistry: Lipid Metabolism
A Quick Look at Biochemistry: Lipid Metabolism

... Lipids and carbohydrates are the energetic molecules and one of the main components of the metabolic system. These molecules circulate in the blood stream and between the metabolic tissues and transfer energy throughout the body. They are degraded and release their energy in the form of adenosine tr ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

... Glucagon, a pancreatic hormone, signals low blood sugar and lowers the level of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the liver. This stimulates gluconeogenesis and the production of glucose. ...
Fat Catabolism
Fat Catabolism

... abusers, who are found dead and in whom the cause of death cannot be ascertained. In order to examine the possible role of ketoacidosis for the cause of death in this group of alcohol abusers, the concentrations of ketone bodies were determined in post-mortem blood specimens…” Thomsen JL, Felby S, T ...
Chapter 7
Chapter 7

... The brain, nervous system, and red blood cells rely primarily on glucose, while other tissues use a mix of glucose, fatty acids, and ketone bodies as fuel sources. A. Making carbohydrate (glucose). *When carbohydrate is available, glucose can be stored as glycogen in liver and muscle tissue. 1. Gluc ...
Chapter 20 Notes
Chapter 20 Notes

... • trans-addition of the elements of water across the double bond • Possible mechanisms are shown in Figure 20.18 • The actual mechanism is not known for certain ...
Appendix  C  -  Detailed  Research ...
Appendix C - Detailed Research ...

... and store glycogen, the resulting acetyl-CoA units derived from carbohydrates (and under some conditions, also proteins) are turned into fatty acids and cholesterol at the first step of the Krebs Cycle. Acetyl-CoA, the primary substrate for fatty acid biosynthesis, is a product of pyruvate oxidation ...
Which of the following statements about saliva is NOT true
Which of the following statements about saliva is NOT true

... VII. (2 ea= 16pts) Determine whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE. In either case briefly explain why. For any FALSE statements, make corrections and turn it into a true statement. ...
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Glyceroneogenesis



Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.
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