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第六章 脂类代谢
第六章 脂类代谢

... (2) Repetitive steps catalyzed by fatty acid synthase Fatty acid synthesis from acetyl-CoA & malonyl-CoA occurs by a series of reactions that are:  in bacteria catalyzed by seven separate ...
第六章 脂类代谢
第六章 脂类代谢

... (2) Repetitive steps catalyzed by fatty acid synthase Fatty acid synthesis from acetyl-CoA & malonyl-CoA occurs by a series of reactions that are:  in bacteria catalyzed by seven separate ...
Document
Document

... Occurs in cytoplasm of muscles after vigorous exercise, sprinting fast, anaerobic activity Build up of Lactic acid Not enough oxygen to lungs, blood, and muscles to allow for cellular respiration Glycolysis does not stop Without oxygen, muscle cells ferment pyruvate to lactate or lactic acid If you ...
Document
Document

... - When ketone bodies accumulate and they cannot be metabolized. ...
Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate

... series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions to yield two molecules of the three-carbon compound pyruvate . During the sequential reactions of glycolysis, some of the free energy released from glucose is conserved in the form of ATP and NADH. ...
RESPIRATION
RESPIRATION

... disaccharide which is converted into the glucose and fructose by the action of enzyme invertase. • (C) Glucose:- A monosaccharide hexose molecule which act as chief respiratory substrate. • (d)Fructose:- It is directly converted into fructose-6-phosphate by enzyme fructokinase and then enters into t ...
citric acid cycle - usmle step 1 and 2 for android
citric acid cycle - usmle step 1 and 2 for android

... The reactions required to replenish or fill up to intermediates of citric acid cycle are called anaplerotic reaction or anaplerosis The salient features of important anapleurotic reactions are described 1. Pyruvate carboxylase catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. This is an ATP depe ...
Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of metabolomics data including cross
Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of metabolomics data including cross

... intermediates/end products of metabolism to undergo further phase 1 or phase 2-type transformations or chemical reactions. There were several examples of this in the db/db metabolomics dataset (Table 1); isovalerylglycine was manually mapped as isovalerate and isovaleryl CoA, acknowledging that isov ...
Ch.24Pt.7_000
Ch.24Pt.7_000

... heart tissues & enters bloodstream. Measured in blood for diagnosing myocardial infarction. ...
KETONE BODY METABOLISM - Qassim College of Medicine
KETONE BODY METABOLISM - Qassim College of Medicine

... – In starvation the fatty acids [and amino acids] are used for energy needs of the body after the glucose reserves are finished. – This results in overproduction of Acetyl CoA which is not fully handled by TCA cycle . – TCA cycle is impaired due to deficiency of oxaloacetate which is diverted to glu ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
Fatty Acid Catabolism

... triacylglycerols and phosphoglycerides. Lipases are specific for the triacylglycerols, whereas the phospholipases (A1, A2, B, C & D) digest the phosphoglycerides. Cerebrosidases and Gangliosidases hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds of the glycosphingolipids and Ceramidase hydrolyzes the amide bond betw ...
Document
Document

... In the absence of aerobic or anaerobic respiration, NADH is not oxidized by the electron transport chain because no external electron acceptor is available. Yet NADH produced in the glycolytic pathway during the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (figure 9.5) must sti ...
Ass3_ans - The University of Sydney
Ass3_ans - The University of Sydney

... OK, so that was just an example. The overall balanced equation for the synthesis of fatty acids from glucose (lipogenesis) can be written (for the 16-carbon fatty acid, palmitate) as: 9 glucose + 8 O2  2 palmitate + 22CO2 + 22 H2O Hint : At this stage you will find it very useful to draw out the sc ...
Ass3 - The University of Sydney
Ass3 - The University of Sydney

... OK, So that was just an example. The overall balanced equation for the synthesis of fatty acids from glucose (lipogenesis) can be written (for the 16carbon fatty acid, palmitate) as: 9 glucose + 8 O2  2 palmitate + 22CO2 + 22 H2O Hint : At this stage you will find it very useful to draw out the sch ...
acetyl CoA
acetyl CoA

... Cytoplasm ...
Lecture Power Point
Lecture Power Point

... Pathways that provide for ATP synthesis on aerobic conditions: • Phosphocreatine. • Glycolysis from Glycogen or Glucose. • T Tricarboxylic i b li acid id cycle l (TCA or Krebs K b cycle). • Electron transport chain. ...
First Homework Assignment
First Homework Assignment

... complex polysaccharides is enormous. This provides many ways of encoding biological information for binding proteins. It also means that it would take a huge range of enzymes to hydrolyze all possible connections. Experimentally, carbohydrates are the most difficult macromolecule to characterize. 3. ...
Biological Pathways I
Biological Pathways I

... favored. A reaction can occur spontaneously only if G, the change in free energy, is negative 3. An important thermodynamic fact: the overall free energy change for a chemically coupled series of reactions is equal to the sum of the free-energy changes of the individual steps AB+C ...
4.2.1 Excretion part 1 – The liver
4.2.1 Excretion part 1 – The liver

... Most of the carbon dioxide that diffuses into red blood cells reacts with water to form hydrogen carbonate ions and hydrogen ions. The equations are shown above. In red blood cells, these reactions are catalysed by carbonic anhydrase. Hydrogen ions compete with oxygen for binding space to haemoglobi ...
Glycolysi
Glycolysi

... Entry of Other monosaccharides into ...
Chapter 26
Chapter 26

... • Fatty acids are catabolized in the mitochondrial matrix by betaoxidation--the resulting acetyl group may enter citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA • Excess acetyl groups can be metabolized by liver during ketogenesis -- the products are called ketone bodies – if body rapidly oxidizing fats, ketones bu ...
BIGA 0 - SFSU Chemistry
BIGA 0 - SFSU Chemistry

... In cells, glycolysis can still continue in the absence of oxygen. In humans, this is possible because under anaerobic conditions an additional reaction, catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), is used to oxidize NADH in the cytosol. The reaction is shown below: ...
When muscular work starts, the adrenal medulla secretes a
When muscular work starts, the adrenal medulla secretes a

... fasting, the liver is actually a major supplier of glucose for the blood. Because the brain depends on glucose for energy the above reaction in the liver also help maintain this supply. The -cells of pancreas releases another polypeptide hormone called insulin that lowers the blood sugar level. Its ...
Chapter 26
Chapter 26

... group may enter citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA • Excess acetyl groups can be metabolized by liver during ketogenesis -- the products are called ketone bodies – if body rapidly oxidizing fats, ketones build up leading to ketoacidosis ...
Chapter 26
Chapter 26

... group may enter citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA • Excess acetyl groups can be metabolized by liver during ketogenesis -- the products are called ketone bodies – if body rapidly oxidizing fats, ketones build up leading to ketoacidosis ...
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Glyceroneogenesis



Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.
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