EXAM 1 KEY
... conclusion be if Alex's results shown elevated levels of glycogen as well as g lucose-6phosphate (instead of elevated levels of glycogen and an absence of G6P as in our original case study). Alex still has muscle cramps and cannot perform strenuous exercises. Liver function also appeared normal. Exp ...
... conclusion be if Alex's results shown elevated levels of glycogen as well as g lucose-6phosphate (instead of elevated levels of glycogen and an absence of G6P as in our original case study). Alex still has muscle cramps and cannot perform strenuous exercises. Liver function also appeared normal. Exp ...
Ch. 22 Glycolysis • Explain how glucose is universal fuel, oxidized in
... • Activate by fructose 2,6 bis-P (product when excess glucose in blood) ...
... • Activate by fructose 2,6 bis-P (product when excess glucose in blood) ...
Biochemistry Metabolic pathways - Limes-Institut-Bonn
... order that they can be regulated independently. Shown here are two possible arrangements of opposing catabolic and anabolic sequences between A and P. (a) Parallel sequences proceed by independent routes. (b) Only one reaction has two different enzymes. ...
... order that they can be regulated independently. Shown here are two possible arrangements of opposing catabolic and anabolic sequences between A and P. (a) Parallel sequences proceed by independent routes. (b) Only one reaction has two different enzymes. ...
Anaerobic glycolysis
... an aspect of glycolysis? a. ATP is formed by oxidative phosphorylation b. Two molecules of ATP are used in the beginning of the pathway c. Pyruvate kinase is the rate-limiting enzyme d. One molecule of pyruvate and 3 olecules of CO2 are formed from the oxidation of 1 glucose e. The reactions take pl ...
... an aspect of glycolysis? a. ATP is formed by oxidative phosphorylation b. Two molecules of ATP are used in the beginning of the pathway c. Pyruvate kinase is the rate-limiting enzyme d. One molecule of pyruvate and 3 olecules of CO2 are formed from the oxidation of 1 glucose e. The reactions take pl ...
chap16
... the reversible phosphorylation of a specific Ser residue on one of the two subunits of E1. ...
... the reversible phosphorylation of a specific Ser residue on one of the two subunits of E1. ...
Type 2 Diabetes
... Glucose attaches (non-enzymatically) to the protein amino groups amodari products Advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) cause cross linkage of matrix proteins Damage to blood ...
... Glucose attaches (non-enzymatically) to the protein amino groups amodari products Advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) cause cross linkage of matrix proteins Damage to blood ...
Ketamalt® 50
... – sugars, starches, amino acids and propylene glycol. In addition, Ketamalt® contains DIASTASE, a natural starch converting enzyme that converts starches present in the rumen to simple sugars. Propylene glycol is only one source of oral glucose precursor used to reverse ketosis in ruminants. Althoug ...
... – sugars, starches, amino acids and propylene glycol. In addition, Ketamalt® contains DIASTASE, a natural starch converting enzyme that converts starches present in the rumen to simple sugars. Propylene glycol is only one source of oral glucose precursor used to reverse ketosis in ruminants. Althoug ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... • Three NADH, one FADH2 & 1 GTP/ATP is made in the citric acid cycle. • The citric acid cycle can be used to make precursors for ...
... • Three NADH, one FADH2 & 1 GTP/ATP is made in the citric acid cycle. • The citric acid cycle can be used to make precursors for ...
File - Wk 1-2
... CK-BB: From BRAIN, lung, and many other tissues. CK-MB isoenzyme: Principally from MYOCARDIAM Testing for a myocardial infarction: CK-MB rises 7-8 hrs after onset of symptoms, peaks at 18 hrs and returns to normal within 48 hrs LD: Lactate Dehydrogenase. LD is an essential enzyme in glycolysis f ...
... CK-BB: From BRAIN, lung, and many other tissues. CK-MB isoenzyme: Principally from MYOCARDIAM Testing for a myocardial infarction: CK-MB rises 7-8 hrs after onset of symptoms, peaks at 18 hrs and returns to normal within 48 hrs LD: Lactate Dehydrogenase. LD is an essential enzyme in glycolysis f ...
peak glossary of terms
... The breakdown of muscle tissue by the body for the purpose of obtaining amino acids for other metabolic purposes. Capillary A tiny blood vessel through which nutrients and waste products travel between the bloodstream and the body's cells. Carbohydrate drink A sports beverage designed to replenish t ...
... The breakdown of muscle tissue by the body for the purpose of obtaining amino acids for other metabolic purposes. Capillary A tiny blood vessel through which nutrients and waste products travel between the bloodstream and the body's cells. Carbohydrate drink A sports beverage designed to replenish t ...
Lecture 36
... in the intestine to generated freey fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. After passing through the membrane of mucosal cells that line the intestine, enzymes catalyze the formation of triglycerides which are then packaged into large lipid rich particles called chylomicrons. We will look at this in mor ...
... in the intestine to generated freey fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. After passing through the membrane of mucosal cells that line the intestine, enzymes catalyze the formation of triglycerides which are then packaged into large lipid rich particles called chylomicrons. We will look at this in mor ...
406 PRELIMINARY NOTES Formation of lysophosphatidyl
... concentrations and times giving optimal activity were determined and used throughout these experiments. It was found that sonication of the mitochondria stimulated the activity, particularly that giving rise to the fo~ation of tritiated lyso-PE (Table II). The microsomal fraction, on the other hand, ...
... concentrations and times giving optimal activity were determined and used throughout these experiments. It was found that sonication of the mitochondria stimulated the activity, particularly that giving rise to the fo~ation of tritiated lyso-PE (Table II). The microsomal fraction, on the other hand, ...
Chapter 15 The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
... evidence suggests that mitochondrial protein kinases may be involved in physiological processes such as apoptosis and steroidogenesis. Additionally, the novel finding of low-molecular-weight GTP-binding proteins in mitochondria suggests the possibility that these may interact with mitochondrial pro ...
... evidence suggests that mitochondrial protein kinases may be involved in physiological processes such as apoptosis and steroidogenesis. Additionally, the novel finding of low-molecular-weight GTP-binding proteins in mitochondria suggests the possibility that these may interact with mitochondrial pro ...
7 - Anaerobic Respiration
... • When PCr stores depleted they cannot be replenished until after exercise finishes, or if exercise intensity drops significantly (as high levels of O2 availability are required for aerobic respiration) – fatigue occurs. •If exercise continues after the depletion of the PCr stores then other energy ...
... • When PCr stores depleted they cannot be replenished until after exercise finishes, or if exercise intensity drops significantly (as high levels of O2 availability are required for aerobic respiration) – fatigue occurs. •If exercise continues after the depletion of the PCr stores then other energy ...
Chapter 25
... Krebs Cycle • The large amount of chemical potential energy stored in intermediate substances derived from pyruvic acid is released step by step. • The Krebs cycle involves decarboxylations and oxidations and reductions of various organic acids. • For every two molecules of acetyl CoA that enter th ...
... Krebs Cycle • The large amount of chemical potential energy stored in intermediate substances derived from pyruvic acid is released step by step. • The Krebs cycle involves decarboxylations and oxidations and reductions of various organic acids. • For every two molecules of acetyl CoA that enter th ...
C454_lect9 - chem.uwec.edu - University of Wisconsin
... Synthesize Glucose Even though the citric acid cycle intermediate oxaloacetate can be used to synthesize glucose, Acetyl–CoA cannot be used to synthesize oxaloacetate. The two carbons that enter the citric acid cycle as Acetyl–CoA leave as CO2. ...
... Synthesize Glucose Even though the citric acid cycle intermediate oxaloacetate can be used to synthesize glucose, Acetyl–CoA cannot be used to synthesize oxaloacetate. The two carbons that enter the citric acid cycle as Acetyl–CoA leave as CO2. ...
IB496-April 10 - School of Life Sciences
... to covert sucrose to a number of industrially useful glucoslyated derivatives, with the commercially important sugar fructose as the by-product ...
... to covert sucrose to a number of industrially useful glucoslyated derivatives, with the commercially important sugar fructose as the by-product ...
Chapter 20 Lipid Biosynthesis
... reactions produces palmitoyl-ACP, which will be hydrolyzed to release a free palmitate. The flexible 4`-phosphopantetheine group covalently attached to ACP is believed to act as a switch arm to move the intermediates from one active site to the next on the enzyme complex (i.e., the substrates are ...
... reactions produces palmitoyl-ACP, which will be hydrolyzed to release a free palmitate. The flexible 4`-phosphopantetheine group covalently attached to ACP is believed to act as a switch arm to move the intermediates from one active site to the next on the enzyme complex (i.e., the substrates are ...
What limits the liver`s capacity to convert amino acids to glucose?
... What limits the liver's capacity to convert amino acids to glucose? Conversion of amino acids to glucose involves several metabolic processes; deamination or transamination, conversion of the released NH4 + to urea and finally synthesis of glucose from amino acid residues. The key to understanding t ...
... What limits the liver's capacity to convert amino acids to glucose? Conversion of amino acids to glucose involves several metabolic processes; deamination or transamination, conversion of the released NH4 + to urea and finally synthesis of glucose from amino acid residues. The key to understanding t ...
Metabolic pathways
... Cell metabolism Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy C6H12O6 ...
... Cell metabolism Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy C6H12O6 ...
Metabolism - College of the Canyons
... • Triglycerides are stored in body’s adipocytes – constant turnover of lipid molecules every 2 - 3 weeks • released into blood, transported and either oxidized or redeposited in other fat cells ...
... • Triglycerides are stored in body’s adipocytes – constant turnover of lipid molecules every 2 - 3 weeks • released into blood, transported and either oxidized or redeposited in other fat cells ...
Lecture 17 Glycolysis (continued) Recap Phases: priming: glucose
... Note “substrate level phosphorylation” of ADP Reaction 8 ΔGo’ =+4.4 kJ/mol ΔG’ = +0.83 kJ/mol Near equilibrium: not regulated Reaction 9 ΔGo’ =+1.8 kJ/mol ΔG’ = +1.1 kJ/mol Near equilibrium: not regulated Reaction 10 ΔGo’ =-31.4 kJ/mol ΔG’ = -23.0 kJ/mol Not near equilibrium, so controllable activat ...
... Note “substrate level phosphorylation” of ADP Reaction 8 ΔGo’ =+4.4 kJ/mol ΔG’ = +0.83 kJ/mol Near equilibrium: not regulated Reaction 9 ΔGo’ =+1.8 kJ/mol ΔG’ = +1.1 kJ/mol Near equilibrium: not regulated Reaction 10 ΔGo’ =-31.4 kJ/mol ΔG’ = -23.0 kJ/mol Not near equilibrium, so controllable activat ...
1 - u.arizona.edu
... these inhibit the additional production of these substances from pyruvate metabolism Regulation of PDH by covalent modification - reaction inhibited when E1 is phosphorylated by PDH kinase; removal of phosphate (activation) catalyzed by PDH phosphatase; both of these are regulated - products of PDH ...
... these inhibit the additional production of these substances from pyruvate metabolism Regulation of PDH by covalent modification - reaction inhibited when E1 is phosphorylated by PDH kinase; removal of phosphate (activation) catalyzed by PDH phosphatase; both of these are regulated - products of PDH ...
i. introduction to metabolism and catabolism
... (1) NADH and FADH2 donate electrons / hydrogens removed from the carbohydrate during glycolysis and the TCA cycle to the electron transport chain (a) They electrons pass through a variety of electron acceptors, such as cytochromes, and eventually to oxygen, the terminal electron acceptor (2) Occurs ...
... (1) NADH and FADH2 donate electrons / hydrogens removed from the carbohydrate during glycolysis and the TCA cycle to the electron transport chain (a) They electrons pass through a variety of electron acceptors, such as cytochromes, and eventually to oxygen, the terminal electron acceptor (2) Occurs ...
carbohydrate metabolism
... reaction, catalysed by peroxidase. Glucose is oxidized to D-gluconate by glucose oxidase with the formation of an equimolar amount of hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of peroxidase, 4-aminoantipyrine and phydroxybenzene sulfonate are oxidatively coupled by hydrogen peroxide to form a quinoneimine ...
... reaction, catalysed by peroxidase. Glucose is oxidized to D-gluconate by glucose oxidase with the formation of an equimolar amount of hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of peroxidase, 4-aminoantipyrine and phydroxybenzene sulfonate are oxidatively coupled by hydrogen peroxide to form a quinoneimine ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.