Chapter 27-28 - Bakersfield College
... - When ketone bodies accumulate and they cannot be metabolized. ...
... - When ketone bodies accumulate and they cannot be metabolized. ...
Pyruvate to ACETYL coA CC
... The former amino acid is now a keto acid that can be used in the Krebs cycle ...
... The former amino acid is now a keto acid that can be used in the Krebs cycle ...
Exam 1 2007 - chem.uwec.edu
... glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate B) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate C) pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate D) enolase and 2-phosphoglycerate E) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate 6. What is substrate level phosphorylation? A) phosphorylation of AMP by ATP ...
... glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate B) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate C) pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate D) enolase and 2-phosphoglycerate E) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate 6. What is substrate level phosphorylation? A) phosphorylation of AMP by ATP ...
Integration of Metabolism: Glucose Synthesis
... Both kinase & phosphatase reactions are exergonic. Kinase uses ATP for phosphate source and ...
... Both kinase & phosphatase reactions are exergonic. Kinase uses ATP for phosphate source and ...
BIO 101
... 26. What is the most common lipid consumed by humans? 27. Before energy can be obtained from a fat molecule, what must first happen to it? 28. What metabolic pathways are involved in the complete oxidation of a free fatty acid? ...
... 26. What is the most common lipid consumed by humans? 27. Before energy can be obtained from a fat molecule, what must first happen to it? 28. What metabolic pathways are involved in the complete oxidation of a free fatty acid? ...
Short Answer Questions: a workshop
... conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA in the mitochondria. Some children have a deficiency of this enzyme activity. Explain why: these children have impaired neurological function. Student’s answer: The conversion of pyruvate to lactate does not yield enough ATP. Krebs cycle cannot take place as ther ...
... conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA in the mitochondria. Some children have a deficiency of this enzyme activity. Explain why: these children have impaired neurological function. Student’s answer: The conversion of pyruvate to lactate does not yield enough ATP. Krebs cycle cannot take place as ther ...
Polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulate hepatic UCP
... interest in the possibility that UCPs play a role in the regulation of energy metabolism (13, 16). UCP-1, as well as its homologs UCP-2 and UCP-3, is able to deplete the mitochondrial proton gradient by allowing the protons to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane without the production of A ...
... interest in the possibility that UCPs play a role in the regulation of energy metabolism (13, 16). UCP-1, as well as its homologs UCP-2 and UCP-3, is able to deplete the mitochondrial proton gradient by allowing the protons to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane without the production of A ...
Triosephosphate Isomerase (T2507) - Datasheet - Sigma
... Triosephosphate Isomerase (TPI) catalyzes the interconversion of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). TPI plays a role in the glycolytic pathway and in gluconeogenesis. While the reaction is reversible, the formation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate is favored by a ...
... Triosephosphate Isomerase (TPI) catalyzes the interconversion of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). TPI plays a role in the glycolytic pathway and in gluconeogenesis. While the reaction is reversible, the formation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate is favored by a ...
The Glucose/Fatty Acid Cycle 1963–2003
... of glucose. After some hours of prolonged exposure to high fatty acid concentrations (somewhere between 12 and 24 h) this changes to an inhibition [10]. Since prolonged high fatty acid concentrations are a feature of pathophysiology rather than normal daily life, we might imagine that the normal phy ...
... of glucose. After some hours of prolonged exposure to high fatty acid concentrations (somewhere between 12 and 24 h) this changes to an inhibition [10]. Since prolonged high fatty acid concentrations are a feature of pathophysiology rather than normal daily life, we might imagine that the normal phy ...
Fundamentals of Biochemistry 2/e
... 24 E1 proteins form dimers that associate with E2 core along the 12 edges. The 12 E3 proteins form dimers that attach to the 6 faces of E2 cube c) Combining a) and b) forms a 60 subunit complex ...
... 24 E1 proteins form dimers that associate with E2 core along the 12 edges. The 12 E3 proteins form dimers that attach to the 6 faces of E2 cube c) Combining a) and b) forms a 60 subunit complex ...
Lecture 36 - Lipid Metabolism 2
... • Fatty acid synthesis takes place in the cytosol, uses NADPH as coenzyme in redox reactions, and the building block is malonyl-CoA. • Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is the key regulated enzyme in fatty acid synthesis and is responsible for generating malonyl-CoA in a carboxylation reaction using acetyl-CoA ...
... • Fatty acid synthesis takes place in the cytosol, uses NADPH as coenzyme in redox reactions, and the building block is malonyl-CoA. • Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is the key regulated enzyme in fatty acid synthesis and is responsible for generating malonyl-CoA in a carboxylation reaction using acetyl-CoA ...
Lipidomics in Cell Regulation
... Is the basis for energy metabolism – proton-gradients Ensure a stable cellular environment Provides a 2-D space for efficient chemical reaction The lipids creates an optimal environment for protein function in the membrane More than 300 lipid species are found in the plasma membrane ...
... Is the basis for energy metabolism – proton-gradients Ensure a stable cellular environment Provides a 2-D space for efficient chemical reaction The lipids creates an optimal environment for protein function in the membrane More than 300 lipid species are found in the plasma membrane ...
26.5 Cotobolism of smino ocids
... Certain emergenciessuch as diabetes or starvation result in a reduction in the amount of aceryl CoA in the liver. Liver cells respond by using acetyl CoA produced in amino acid metabolism to make ketone bodies. The ketone bodies are transported to other tissues,where they are oxidized for energy pro ...
... Certain emergenciessuch as diabetes or starvation result in a reduction in the amount of aceryl CoA in the liver. Liver cells respond by using acetyl CoA produced in amino acid metabolism to make ketone bodies. The ketone bodies are transported to other tissues,where they are oxidized for energy pro ...
Biomolecules
... Proteolysis, amino acid pool, metabolic flow of amino acid nitrogen, fate of carbon skeletons, biosynthesis of other amino acid-derived compounds, heme metabolism. Nucleotide metabolism Synthesis of purine and pymiridine nucleotides Degradation of purines and pyrimidines, inhibition of purine and py ...
... Proteolysis, amino acid pool, metabolic flow of amino acid nitrogen, fate of carbon skeletons, biosynthesis of other amino acid-derived compounds, heme metabolism. Nucleotide metabolism Synthesis of purine and pymiridine nucleotides Degradation of purines and pyrimidines, inhibition of purine and py ...
introduction - WordPress.com
... The citric acid cycle is the third step in carbohydrate catabolism (the breakdown of sugars). Glycolysis breaks glucose (a six-carbon-molecule) down into pyruvate (a three-carbon molecule). In eukaryotes, pyruvate moves into the mitochondria. It is converted into acetyl-CoA by decarboxylation and en ...
... The citric acid cycle is the third step in carbohydrate catabolism (the breakdown of sugars). Glycolysis breaks glucose (a six-carbon-molecule) down into pyruvate (a three-carbon molecule). In eukaryotes, pyruvate moves into the mitochondria. It is converted into acetyl-CoA by decarboxylation and en ...
The tricarboxylic acid cycle In many bacteria, yeasts, filamentous
... purines and pyrimidines. Under anaerobic conditions it does not function as a cycle. However, as several intermediates are still required for biosynthesis, it operates as a branched biosynthetic pathway. This facility to produce biosynthetic intermediates is also present in other microorganisms whic ...
... purines and pyrimidines. Under anaerobic conditions it does not function as a cycle. However, as several intermediates are still required for biosynthesis, it operates as a branched biosynthetic pathway. This facility to produce biosynthetic intermediates is also present in other microorganisms whic ...
Compartmentalisation of metabolic pathways
... Synthesis of new enzyme molecule • Enzyme concentration is much lower than the substrate concentration • The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is directly dependent upon the enzyme concentration • Induction by substrate or repression by product (on the level of transcription) – xenobiotics → ind ...
... Synthesis of new enzyme molecule • Enzyme concentration is much lower than the substrate concentration • The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is directly dependent upon the enzyme concentration • Induction by substrate or repression by product (on the level of transcription) – xenobiotics → ind ...
Intermediary Metabolism-II SECTION A What are ketogenic amino
... What is transamination? Write a note on creatine? Give the structure of epinephrine. What are glucogenic amino acids? What are transminases? Give example. Write a note on creatinine. What is GABA? Explain the action of deaminase. How is pyruvate obtained from amino acids? Explain the significance of ...
... What is transamination? Write a note on creatine? Give the structure of epinephrine. What are glucogenic amino acids? What are transminases? Give example. Write a note on creatinine. What is GABA? Explain the action of deaminase. How is pyruvate obtained from amino acids? Explain the significance of ...
Part (II) Nitrogenous molecules metabolism
... D-ala in bacterial wall and some antibiotics. A metabolite of cysteine; Present in coenzyme A as -alanyl dipeptides (carnosine) (in pantotheinic acid CoA); Product of degradation of pyrimidine (cytosine and uracil). The thioethanolamine portion of coenzyme A (CO 2 + -mercaptoethylamine/Cys CoA ...
... D-ala in bacterial wall and some antibiotics. A metabolite of cysteine; Present in coenzyme A as -alanyl dipeptides (carnosine) (in pantotheinic acid CoA); Product of degradation of pyrimidine (cytosine and uracil). The thioethanolamine portion of coenzyme A (CO 2 + -mercaptoethylamine/Cys CoA ...
An Overview of the Citric Acid Cycle
... 1. Two carbon atoms enter the cycle in the condensation of an acetyl unit (from acetyl CoA) with oxaloacetate. Two carbon atoms leave the cycle in the form of CO2 in the successive decarboxylations catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. 2. Four pairs of hydrogen ato ...
... 1. Two carbon atoms enter the cycle in the condensation of an acetyl unit (from acetyl CoA) with oxaloacetate. Two carbon atoms leave the cycle in the form of CO2 in the successive decarboxylations catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. 2. Four pairs of hydrogen ato ...
Chemistry 326 Name_____________________ Fall 2009 Check
... d. all of these are control points b. phosphofructokinase-1 e. none of these is a control point c. pyruvate kinase 2. All of the following enzymes involved in the flow of carbon from glucose to lactate (glycolysis) are also involved in the reversal of this flow (gluconeogenesis) except: a. phosphogl ...
... d. all of these are control points b. phosphofructokinase-1 e. none of these is a control point c. pyruvate kinase 2. All of the following enzymes involved in the flow of carbon from glucose to lactate (glycolysis) are also involved in the reversal of this flow (gluconeogenesis) except: a. phosphogl ...
effect of short time exposure of rats to extreme low temperature on
... were no changes in serum protein concentration during the cryotherapy. An increased MDH activity in the liver during the cryotherapy was observed. There were no statistically significant changes in serum MDH activity. Increase in liver MDH activity may indicate the enhanced transport of reducing equ ...
... were no changes in serum protein concentration during the cryotherapy. An increased MDH activity in the liver during the cryotherapy was observed. There were no statistically significant changes in serum MDH activity. Increase in liver MDH activity may indicate the enhanced transport of reducing equ ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.