Ch. 23 Oxidation of fatty acids, ketones 1. Fatty acids are fuels:
... • FA oxidation gives NADH, FAD(2H) by βoxidation; TCA cycle -> high ATP/ADP, NADH/NAD+ and Acetyl CoA concentrations • AMP-dep PK adjusts [malonyl CoA] so CPT1 and β-oxidation operate as needed ...
... • FA oxidation gives NADH, FAD(2H) by βoxidation; TCA cycle -> high ATP/ADP, NADH/NAD+ and Acetyl CoA concentrations • AMP-dep PK adjusts [malonyl CoA] so CPT1 and β-oxidation operate as needed ...
1 Pyruvate and acetate metabolism (The citric acid cycle) I. Pyruvate
... problem - its pores are large enough that pyruvate can float through. The inner, often corrugated, membrane is not porous to pyruvate, but pyruvate is transported in by a specific carrier protein in the inner membrane. Once pyruvate has arrived inside the mitochondria, breaking its C-C bonds proves ...
... problem - its pores are large enough that pyruvate can float through. The inner, often corrugated, membrane is not porous to pyruvate, but pyruvate is transported in by a specific carrier protein in the inner membrane. Once pyruvate has arrived inside the mitochondria, breaking its C-C bonds proves ...
Document
... Regulation of glycolysis As with all metabolic pathways, glycolysis is under constant control by the body. The process is regulated by three enzymes: ...
... Regulation of glycolysis As with all metabolic pathways, glycolysis is under constant control by the body. The process is regulated by three enzymes: ...
Enzymes Recap
... • Harvest high energy electrons and transfer them to electron carriers for use in oxida=ve phosphoryla=on • Involves the genera=on of a 6 carbon tricarboxylic acid (citric acid) from oxaloacetate (C4) and ...
... • Harvest high energy electrons and transfer them to electron carriers for use in oxida=ve phosphoryla=on • Involves the genera=on of a 6 carbon tricarboxylic acid (citric acid) from oxaloacetate (C4) and ...
Preview - International Institute of Naturopathy
... (with the exception of seafood, which contains saturated fatty acids as well as an equally large number of polyunsaturated fatty acids), whereas vegetable fats consist largely of unsaturated fatty acids (with the exception of coconut and palm oil, which consist almost exclusively of saturated fatty ...
... (with the exception of seafood, which contains saturated fatty acids as well as an equally large number of polyunsaturated fatty acids), whereas vegetable fats consist largely of unsaturated fatty acids (with the exception of coconut and palm oil, which consist almost exclusively of saturated fatty ...
Which of the following is a coenzyme associated with cellular
... The electrons that enter the electron transport system are carried there by _____. A. NADH B. FADH2 C. both A and B ___ ...
... The electrons that enter the electron transport system are carried there by _____. A. NADH B. FADH2 C. both A and B ___ ...
BHS 150.2 Biochemistry Date: 01/25/13, 1st hour Notetaker: Laurel
... gluconeogenesis glycogen metabolism One function of liver: supply body with glucose Brain needs glucose constantly, works under insulin-independent mechanism >3-4 days, brain can use other fuel sources of glucose (starvation) RBCs need glucose supply for protection/ prevent damage After ingesting a ...
... gluconeogenesis glycogen metabolism One function of liver: supply body with glucose Brain needs glucose constantly, works under insulin-independent mechanism >3-4 days, brain can use other fuel sources of glucose (starvation) RBCs need glucose supply for protection/ prevent damage After ingesting a ...
Final Review - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... acetyl CoA + 3NAD++ FAD + Pi+ ADP + H2O à CoA + 3NADH + FADH2+ 2H++ ATP + 2 CO2 Regulation: Pyruvate dehydrogenase is highly regulated by acetyl CoA, NADH, ATP, and phosphorylation because it catalyzes an irreversible reaction. Isocitrate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase are highly re ...
... acetyl CoA + 3NAD++ FAD + Pi+ ADP + H2O à CoA + 3NADH + FADH2+ 2H++ ATP + 2 CO2 Regulation: Pyruvate dehydrogenase is highly regulated by acetyl CoA, NADH, ATP, and phosphorylation because it catalyzes an irreversible reaction. Isocitrate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase are highly re ...
AKA TCA CYCLE, KREB`S CYCLE
... •includes ADP, ATP NADH, citrate, succinyl CoA, metals, etc. •most important is probably the relative concentration of ATP and ADP at high ATP/ADP forward flux is inhibited at low ATP/ADP forward flux is stimulated •enzymes regulated by ATP and ADP: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex: phosphorylation by ...
... •includes ADP, ATP NADH, citrate, succinyl CoA, metals, etc. •most important is probably the relative concentration of ATP and ADP at high ATP/ADP forward flux is inhibited at low ATP/ADP forward flux is stimulated •enzymes regulated by ATP and ADP: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex: phosphorylation by ...
Hans A. Krebs - Nobel Lecture
... of the intermediary reactions by which sugar is anaerobically fermented to lactic acid or to ethanol and carbon dioxide. The success was mainly due to the joint efforts of the schools of Meyerhof, Embden, Parnas, von Euler, Warburg and the Coris, who built on the pioneer work of Harden and of Neuber ...
... of the intermediary reactions by which sugar is anaerobically fermented to lactic acid or to ethanol and carbon dioxide. The success was mainly due to the joint efforts of the schools of Meyerhof, Embden, Parnas, von Euler, Warburg and the Coris, who built on the pioneer work of Harden and of Neuber ...
Biological Molecules Review KEY
... DOUBLE bonds between carbon atoms, and tend to be solid at room temperature. Unsaturated fatty acids are most often found in vegetable oils, and account for the fact that they are liquid at room temperature. 32. Butter contains a large proportion of UNSATURATED fatty acids. Excess intake of this typ ...
... DOUBLE bonds between carbon atoms, and tend to be solid at room temperature. Unsaturated fatty acids are most often found in vegetable oils, and account for the fact that they are liquid at room temperature. 32. Butter contains a large proportion of UNSATURATED fatty acids. Excess intake of this typ ...
Bioenergetics and Metabolism
... 4. What are examples of glycolysis in real life? Glycolysis is the sole source of ATP under anaerobic conditions which can occur in animal muscle tissue during intense exercise. Fermentation also relies on glycolysis which is a process that is used to make alcoholic beverages when yeast cells are pr ...
... 4. What are examples of glycolysis in real life? Glycolysis is the sole source of ATP under anaerobic conditions which can occur in animal muscle tissue during intense exercise. Fermentation also relies on glycolysis which is a process that is used to make alcoholic beverages when yeast cells are pr ...
Activities of Enzymes Involved in Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Colon
... and high fiber. The protein content in the colonic epithelium reactions (Stryer, 1995). In the high energy state the gradually increased with age for all experimental diets. mitochondrion has large quantities of ATP and NADH. Consequently, citrate is formed in the mitochondrial matrix by the condens ...
... and high fiber. The protein content in the colonic epithelium reactions (Stryer, 1995). In the high energy state the gradually increased with age for all experimental diets. mitochondrion has large quantities of ATP and NADH. Consequently, citrate is formed in the mitochondrial matrix by the condens ...
Even is better than odd: one fat may conceal another - AJP
... their uptake through sarcolemmal and mitochondrial membranes, bypassing the rate-limiting membrane transporting system CPT1 (Fig. 1). Consequently, MCFAs are promptly taken up by mitochondria, where they are easily and preferentially oxidized, the rate of their oxidation being exclusively determined ...
... their uptake through sarcolemmal and mitochondrial membranes, bypassing the rate-limiting membrane transporting system CPT1 (Fig. 1). Consequently, MCFAs are promptly taken up by mitochondria, where they are easily and preferentially oxidized, the rate of their oxidation being exclusively determined ...
Glucose Metabolism Glycolysis Expectations
... • NAD+/NADH is a co‐substrate which means… • If there is no oxygen, glycolysis will stop because… • The solution to the problem is to… ...
... • NAD+/NADH is a co‐substrate which means… • If there is no oxygen, glycolysis will stop because… • The solution to the problem is to… ...
M01
... The end result of this oxidation is Acetyl CoA. Well fed state : Fasting, starvation, exercise: ...
... The end result of this oxidation is Acetyl CoA. Well fed state : Fasting, starvation, exercise: ...
Evening primrose oil
... dermatitis of topical evening primrose oil in an amphiphilic and a stable water-in-oil emulsion. The studies were vehicle-controlled in two populations of 20 atopic subjects. Barrier function was assessed in terms of transepidermal water loss and stratum corneum hydration after a 4-week treatment pe ...
... dermatitis of topical evening primrose oil in an amphiphilic and a stable water-in-oil emulsion. The studies were vehicle-controlled in two populations of 20 atopic subjects. Barrier function was assessed in terms of transepidermal water loss and stratum corneum hydration after a 4-week treatment pe ...
PP - Chemistry Courses: About
... vary considerably, but all amino acids are degraded to one of seven metabolites: ...
... vary considerably, but all amino acids are degraded to one of seven metabolites: ...
9/2/08 Transcript I - UAB School of Optometry
... Utilized in "Fight or Flight"- If confronted by a lion then you will fight or flee and use this type of process because it does not require any set up time or oxygen. There are 10 rxns which are the same in all cells, but may not happen at same rate. 2 Phases: 1. Converts glucose to two Glycer ...
... Utilized in "Fight or Flight"- If confronted by a lion then you will fight or flee and use this type of process because it does not require any set up time or oxygen. There are 10 rxns which are the same in all cells, but may not happen at same rate. 2 Phases: 1. Converts glucose to two Glycer ...
CHAPTER-IV LIPID METABOLISM BETA
... Beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids changes the ATP yield due to the requirement of two possible additional enzymes. Ketogenesis Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are produced as a result of fatty acid breakdown. Types of ketone bodies The three ketone bodies are: ...
... Beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids changes the ATP yield due to the requirement of two possible additional enzymes. Ketogenesis Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are produced as a result of fatty acid breakdown. Types of ketone bodies The three ketone bodies are: ...
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF WHEATGRASS ON ALCOHOL AND ∆PUFA INDUCED LIVER
... secretion of VLDL, thus suppressing the transport of triglycerides and release of free fatty acid from lipoprotein [2]. ...
... secretion of VLDL, thus suppressing the transport of triglycerides and release of free fatty acid from lipoprotein [2]. ...
METABOLISM IN HEALTH AND DISEASES I Lecture 2 Pentose
... • The ribose-5-phosphate produced in this reaction is utilized in the biosynthesis of coenzyems (including NADH, NADPH, FAD and B12), nucleatides and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). The net reaction to this point is Glucose-6-phosphate + 2NADP+ → ribose-5-phosphate + CO2 + 2NADPH + 2H+ ...
... • The ribose-5-phosphate produced in this reaction is utilized in the biosynthesis of coenzyems (including NADH, NADPH, FAD and B12), nucleatides and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). The net reaction to this point is Glucose-6-phosphate + 2NADP+ → ribose-5-phosphate + CO2 + 2NADPH + 2H+ ...
Increasing Glucogenic Precursors in Range Supplements Alters
... – bypass (UIP) protein (glucogenic amino acids) – ionophores – propionate ...
... – bypass (UIP) protein (glucogenic amino acids) – ionophores – propionate ...
A1983RT00700001
... utilis. Such was the elegance of their work catalyzed bya glutamate synthase enzyme that other people broadened their conclu- active with reduced ferredoxin (similar to sions to include the whole of the2 plant nitrite reductase) rather than reduced pyrikingdom. Although in 1969, Brown, work- dine nu ...
... utilis. Such was the elegance of their work catalyzed bya glutamate synthase enzyme that other people broadened their conclu- active with reduced ferredoxin (similar to sions to include the whole of the2 plant nitrite reductase) rather than reduced pyrikingdom. Although in 1969, Brown, work- dine nu ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.