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Cellular Metabolism
... phosphoglycerate kinase, making 3-phosphoglycerate molecules 7. 3-phosphoglycerate is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate by ...
... phosphoglycerate kinase, making 3-phosphoglycerate molecules 7. 3-phosphoglycerate is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate by ...
glucose-6-P - WordPress.com
... glucose, and in the liver it is saturated under normal conditions, and so acts at a constant rate to provide glucose 6-phosphate to meet the cell's need. Liver cells also contain an isoenzyme of hexokinase, glucokinase, which has a Km very much higher than the normal intracellular concentration of g ...
... glucose, and in the liver it is saturated under normal conditions, and so acts at a constant rate to provide glucose 6-phosphate to meet the cell's need. Liver cells also contain an isoenzyme of hexokinase, glucokinase, which has a Km very much higher than the normal intracellular concentration of g ...
Growth final1 - TOP Recommended Websites
... Measuring bacterial mass (live + dead) in liquid culture ...
... Measuring bacterial mass (live + dead) in liquid culture ...
ppt
... Fatty acids, ketone bodies in fuel homeostasis • Fatty acids are fuels during fasting, high-fat diet. exercise, starvation • Lipolysis stimulated by ↓ Insulin, ↑glucagon, ↑epinephrine • brain uses ketones • saves glucose for red blood cells ...
... Fatty acids, ketone bodies in fuel homeostasis • Fatty acids are fuels during fasting, high-fat diet. exercise, starvation • Lipolysis stimulated by ↓ Insulin, ↑glucagon, ↑epinephrine • brain uses ketones • saves glucose for red blood cells ...
12ppt - UCSD Course Websites
... When glucose is low, so is F2,6BP When glucose is abundant, so is F2,6BP ...
... When glucose is low, so is F2,6BP When glucose is abundant, so is F2,6BP ...
Biochemistry I, Spring Term 2001 - Third Exam:
... C2. (15 pts) Answer ONE of the following three questions. i) In biosynthetic and degradative pathways, several steps are similar, often catalyzed by the same enzyme. Other steps are different, catalyzed by one or more different enzymes. As an example of the latter, pick one such step in either glyco ...
... C2. (15 pts) Answer ONE of the following three questions. i) In biosynthetic and degradative pathways, several steps are similar, often catalyzed by the same enzyme. Other steps are different, catalyzed by one or more different enzymes. As an example of the latter, pick one such step in either glyco ...
MF011_fhs_lnt_004b_May11
... glucose is either converted by pancreatic insulin for storage as glycogen; or broken down into H2O + CO2 + heat When the body has excess glucose, glycogenesis is the synthesis of glycogen from glucose that is stimulated in the presence of the pancreatic hormone insulin. Prevention of glucose fro ...
... glucose is either converted by pancreatic insulin for storage as glycogen; or broken down into H2O + CO2 + heat When the body has excess glucose, glycogenesis is the synthesis of glycogen from glucose that is stimulated in the presence of the pancreatic hormone insulin. Prevention of glucose fro ...
November 6th
... One NADPH is made converting malate into pyruvate Pyruvate = 4 NADH, 1 ATP and 1 FADH2 So….propionyl-CoA = 2 FADH2 + 4 NADH + 1ATP + NADPH Cn(odd):0 yields (n-3/2 + 3n-3/2 + 4)3ATP + (n-3/2 + n-3/2 + 2)2ATP + (n-3/2 + 1) ATP - 2ATP + NADPH ...
... One NADPH is made converting malate into pyruvate Pyruvate = 4 NADH, 1 ATP and 1 FADH2 So….propionyl-CoA = 2 FADH2 + 4 NADH + 1ATP + NADPH Cn(odd):0 yields (n-3/2 + 3n-3/2 + 4)3ATP + (n-3/2 + n-3/2 + 2)2ATP + (n-3/2 + 1) ATP - 2ATP + NADPH ...
Lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble, or only sparingly
... - free fatty acids released from chylomicrons by lipoprotein lipase located on extrahepatic tissues (lipoprotein lipase is discussed below). - fatty acids produced by the action of hepatic lipase on lipoproteins (primarily IDL and LDL). Hepatic lipase is anchored to the outside of the cell. It is ho ...
... - free fatty acids released from chylomicrons by lipoprotein lipase located on extrahepatic tissues (lipoprotein lipase is discussed below). - fatty acids produced by the action of hepatic lipase on lipoproteins (primarily IDL and LDL). Hepatic lipase is anchored to the outside of the cell. It is ho ...
Pyruvate Oxidation
... All nutrients, whether protein, lipid or carbohydrate, are converted to acetyl-CoA and then channelled toward fat production or ATP production, depending on the organism’s immediate energy needs ...
... All nutrients, whether protein, lipid or carbohydrate, are converted to acetyl-CoA and then channelled toward fat production or ATP production, depending on the organism’s immediate energy needs ...
SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRY Citric Acid Cycle
... Formation of Oxaloacetate This rxn is the fifth of 5 dehydrogenase reactions. Oxaloacetate has now been regenerated so that it can react with a new molecule of acetyl CoA to repeat the cycle. ...
... Formation of Oxaloacetate This rxn is the fifth of 5 dehydrogenase reactions. Oxaloacetate has now been regenerated so that it can react with a new molecule of acetyl CoA to repeat the cycle. ...
Control of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis During the Transition Period
... to alleviate clinical diseases linked to glucose insufficiency. This review will provide background information on control of gluconeogenesis with a primary focus on emerging information on control of gluconeogenesis in transition dairy cows. What Is Gluconeogenesis and Why Is It Important? Gluconeo ...
... to alleviate clinical diseases linked to glucose insufficiency. This review will provide background information on control of gluconeogenesis with a primary focus on emerging information on control of gluconeogenesis in transition dairy cows. What Is Gluconeogenesis and Why Is It Important? Gluconeo ...
Muscle
... • The energy release accompanying ATP hydrolysis is transmitted to the unfavorable reaction so that the overall free energy for the coupled process is negative (favorable) – DG0’ for ATP hydrolysis is a large negative number – ATP changes the Keq by a factor of 108 (p69-70) – The involvement of ATP ...
... • The energy release accompanying ATP hydrolysis is transmitted to the unfavorable reaction so that the overall free energy for the coupled process is negative (favorable) – DG0’ for ATP hydrolysis is a large negative number – ATP changes the Keq by a factor of 108 (p69-70) – The involvement of ATP ...
biochem ch 46 [9-4
... Sustained physiologic increases in GH, cortisol, and catecholamine secretion help sustain normal blood glucose levels during fasting o When blood glucose drops, glycolysis and glycogen synthesis inhibited and gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis activated; fatty acid oxidation activated During overn ...
... Sustained physiologic increases in GH, cortisol, and catecholamine secretion help sustain normal blood glucose levels during fasting o When blood glucose drops, glycolysis and glycogen synthesis inhibited and gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis activated; fatty acid oxidation activated During overn ...
Congestive heart failure and sodium dichloroacetate
... utilization to lactate consumption should improve cardiac mechanical efficiency. However, Koshkarian's second point is that even a complete shift from free fatty acid consumption to lactate consumption would only be expected to increase cardiac mechanical efficiency by 14%, yet a 28% increase in car ...
... utilization to lactate consumption should improve cardiac mechanical efficiency. However, Koshkarian's second point is that even a complete shift from free fatty acid consumption to lactate consumption would only be expected to increase cardiac mechanical efficiency by 14%, yet a 28% increase in car ...
Amino acid catabolism I
... Function: 1. prevents ammonia levels from rising too high when large amounts of amino acids are catabolized 2. urea cycle enzymes: extrahepatic arginine synthesis ...
... Function: 1. prevents ammonia levels from rising too high when large amounts of amino acids are catabolized 2. urea cycle enzymes: extrahepatic arginine synthesis ...
TCA cycle cross products (also known as “nothing is simple” My
... molecule of acetyl-CoA; essentially the oxidative TCA cycle running in reverse. Acetyl-CoA is reductively carboxylated to pyruvate, from which all other central metabolites can be formed. Most of the enzymes of reductive and oxidative TCA cycle are shared, with the exception of three key enzymes tha ...
... molecule of acetyl-CoA; essentially the oxidative TCA cycle running in reverse. Acetyl-CoA is reductively carboxylated to pyruvate, from which all other central metabolites can be formed. Most of the enzymes of reductive and oxidative TCA cycle are shared, with the exception of three key enzymes tha ...
Cellular Metabolism
... phosphoglycerate kinase, making 3-phosphoglycerate molecules 7. 3-phosphoglycerate is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate by ...
... phosphoglycerate kinase, making 3-phosphoglycerate molecules 7. 3-phosphoglycerate is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate by ...
Role of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 in Regulation of Blood
... drolysis of stored TAG, and release of FFAs and glycerol. Much of this FFA is recycled within adipose tissue by re-esterification with glycerol 3-phosphate. Since insulin levels are low, glucose is not available for synthesis of glycerol 3-phosphate. Glycerol 3-phosphate therefore must be generated ...
... drolysis of stored TAG, and release of FFAs and glycerol. Much of this FFA is recycled within adipose tissue by re-esterification with glycerol 3-phosphate. Since insulin levels are low, glucose is not available for synthesis of glycerol 3-phosphate. Glycerol 3-phosphate therefore must be generated ...
Regulation of blood glucose (Homeostasis)
... b- As blood glucose levels begin to decreases, the liver, by the processes of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, acts to maintain blood glucose levels. ...
... b- As blood glucose levels begin to decreases, the liver, by the processes of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, acts to maintain blood glucose levels. ...
Fatty Acid Synthesis
... 2- a. How many ~P bonds of ATP used for synthesis of each malonate? 1 b. Total ~P bonds of ATP used for synthesis of one 16-C palmitate, 2a(1c): 7 3- a. How many NADPH used per reaction cycle? 2 b. Total NADPH used per synthesis of one 16-C palmitate, 3a(1c): 14 No. of cycles = (C/2) – 1 No. of Malo ...
... 2- a. How many ~P bonds of ATP used for synthesis of each malonate? 1 b. Total ~P bonds of ATP used for synthesis of one 16-C palmitate, 2a(1c): 7 3- a. How many NADPH used per reaction cycle? 2 b. Total NADPH used per synthesis of one 16-C palmitate, 3a(1c): 14 No. of cycles = (C/2) – 1 No. of Malo ...
"Central Pathways of Carbohydrate Metabolism". In: Microbial
... to lactate. Other microorganisms that use the EMP pathway have the capacity to convert pyruvate to a wide variety of other fermentation end products. These fermentation pathways are discussed in more detail in Chapter 10. The enzymes of the glycolytic pathway and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle a ...
... to lactate. Other microorganisms that use the EMP pathway have the capacity to convert pyruvate to a wide variety of other fermentation end products. These fermentation pathways are discussed in more detail in Chapter 10. The enzymes of the glycolytic pathway and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle a ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.