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The efficiency of the isolation procedure is determined by
... Supporting Information S1- Measurement of enzymatic activities in mitochondrial fraction. The efficiency of the isolation procedure is determined by measuring the mitochondrial marker enzyme citrate synthase and the cytosol-specific marker enzyme lactate dehydrogenase remaining in the mitochondrial ...
... Supporting Information S1- Measurement of enzymatic activities in mitochondrial fraction. The efficiency of the isolation procedure is determined by measuring the mitochondrial marker enzyme citrate synthase and the cytosol-specific marker enzyme lactate dehydrogenase remaining in the mitochondrial ...
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
... • Usually IVF’s with glucose to give 12-15 mg/kg/min glu and at least 60 kcal/kg to prevent catabolism (may ...
... • Usually IVF’s with glucose to give 12-15 mg/kg/min glu and at least 60 kcal/kg to prevent catabolism (may ...
Citric Acid Cycle Regulation
... Step 5 of glycolysis converts NAD+ to NADH (G3P to G1,3BP) For next round of glycolysis to occur need NADH converted to NAD+ for use in step 5. How cells (muscle especially) accomplish this? Pyruvate (Py), the end product of glycolysis, is converted to lactate. At the same time NADH is converted to ...
... Step 5 of glycolysis converts NAD+ to NADH (G3P to G1,3BP) For next round of glycolysis to occur need NADH converted to NAD+ for use in step 5. How cells (muscle especially) accomplish this? Pyruvate (Py), the end product of glycolysis, is converted to lactate. At the same time NADH is converted to ...
GLYCOLYSIS
... • Glucose 6-phosphate in equilib with Fructose 6 –phosphate (F-6P) • Phosphofructokinase inhibition will cause F-6P to rise which also incr G-6P • However other sugars (such as fructose) bypass this step so it should not be only control • The inhibition of F-6P leads to inhibition in G-6P ...
... • Glucose 6-phosphate in equilib with Fructose 6 –phosphate (F-6P) • Phosphofructokinase inhibition will cause F-6P to rise which also incr G-6P • However other sugars (such as fructose) bypass this step so it should not be only control • The inhibition of F-6P leads to inhibition in G-6P ...
2nd Phase of Glycolysis
... Since 2 PEP are formed for every glucose molecule that enters the glycolytic pathway, 2 ATP molecules are formed in this step. The ATP dept generated during phase 1 of glycolysis was paid by the formation of ATP by the substrate level phosphorylation of ADP by 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. The 2 ATP mole ...
... Since 2 PEP are formed for every glucose molecule that enters the glycolytic pathway, 2 ATP molecules are formed in this step. The ATP dept generated during phase 1 of glycolysis was paid by the formation of ATP by the substrate level phosphorylation of ADP by 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. The 2 ATP mole ...
Amino Acid Catabolism
... the same as the first step of fatty acid oxidation. The fourth step involves an ATPdependent carboxylation, the fifth step is a hydration, and the last step is a cleavage reaction to give products. Draw the intermediates of leucine degradation. ...
... the same as the first step of fatty acid oxidation. The fourth step involves an ATPdependent carboxylation, the fifth step is a hydration, and the last step is a cleavage reaction to give products. Draw the intermediates of leucine degradation. ...
ATP citrate lyase – biology and implication in human
... of the enzyme and a possible regulatory role of its phosphorylation have been variable. A possible reason for this is the fact that ACLY was isolated from mammalian tissues or eukaryote systems that were able to phosphorylate the enzyme prior to extraction and purification. Thus, variable phosphoryl ...
... of the enzyme and a possible regulatory role of its phosphorylation have been variable. A possible reason for this is the fact that ACLY was isolated from mammalian tissues or eukaryote systems that were able to phosphorylate the enzyme prior to extraction and purification. Thus, variable phosphoryl ...
Amino Acid Metabolism
... and leucine yielding CO2, and acyl-CoA derivatives. • Shares ancestry with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, -KG dehydrogenase complex – another example of gene duplication ...
... and leucine yielding CO2, and acyl-CoA derivatives. • Shares ancestry with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, -KG dehydrogenase complex – another example of gene duplication ...
Dietary Fat Composition Influences Tissue Lipid Profile and Gene
... was quantified by the Bradford assay. The microsomal fractions were stored in aliquots at -80 oC. A fluorescent DGAT assay was carried out as described by McFie and Stone [25]. Briefly, a master mix was prepared in a test tube containing 20 ll of 1 M Tris–HCl (pH 7.6), 4 ll of 1 M MgCl2, 10 ll of 4 mM ...
... was quantified by the Bradford assay. The microsomal fractions were stored in aliquots at -80 oC. A fluorescent DGAT assay was carried out as described by McFie and Stone [25]. Briefly, a master mix was prepared in a test tube containing 20 ll of 1 M Tris–HCl (pH 7.6), 4 ll of 1 M MgCl2, 10 ll of 4 mM ...
Carbohydrate
... What are type 1 and type 2 diabetes Type 2diabetes is the most common form, it appears most often in middle-aged adults however, adolescents and young adults are developing type 2 diabetes at an alarming rate. It develops when the body doesn't make enough insulin and doesn’t efficiently use the insu ...
... What are type 1 and type 2 diabetes Type 2diabetes is the most common form, it appears most often in middle-aged adults however, adolescents and young adults are developing type 2 diabetes at an alarming rate. It develops when the body doesn't make enough insulin and doesn’t efficiently use the insu ...
B324notesTheme 2
... High ATP:ADP levels activate a kinase that acts on pyruvate dehydrogenase to inactivate it by phosphorylation. The same kinase, which is part of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, is also activated by NADH and acetyl-CoA. ...
... High ATP:ADP levels activate a kinase that acts on pyruvate dehydrogenase to inactivate it by phosphorylation. The same kinase, which is part of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, is also activated by NADH and acetyl-CoA. ...
Human Metabolism: Macronutrients Instructors: Rosalind Coleman
... Schedule: This schedule is approximate for individual lecture topics and may be modified. DATE ...
... Schedule: This schedule is approximate for individual lecture topics and may be modified. DATE ...
Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration
... high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion are added to an “empty” electron-carrier NAD+ to make the high-energy electron-carrier molecule NADH – Because two G3P molecules are produced per glucose molecule, two NADH carrier molecules are formed ...
... high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion are added to an “empty” electron-carrier NAD+ to make the high-energy electron-carrier molecule NADH – Because two G3P molecules are produced per glucose molecule, two NADH carrier molecules are formed ...
Chapter 15
... Glycolysis, omitting H+: glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP Fermentation, from glucose to lactate: glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 lactate + 2 ATP Anaerobic catabolism of glucose yields only 2 “high energy” bonds of ATP. ...
... Glycolysis, omitting H+: glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP Fermentation, from glucose to lactate: glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 lactate + 2 ATP Anaerobic catabolism of glucose yields only 2 “high energy” bonds of ATP. ...
Amino acid lecture(1) by Prof.Dr.Moaed Al
... lysine – transamination follows the transformation to α-aminoadipate, methionine – deamination of homoserine, proline – deamination after conversion to glutamate, tryptophan – after its transformation to kynurenine, alanine is released. Each carbon skeleton of deaminated amino acids follows a unique ...
... lysine – transamination follows the transformation to α-aminoadipate, methionine – deamination of homoserine, proline – deamination after conversion to glutamate, tryptophan – after its transformation to kynurenine, alanine is released. Each carbon skeleton of deaminated amino acids follows a unique ...
Cellular Respiration
... Lactic Acid Fermentation • The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate into lactic acid and converts NADH into NAD+. • Usually blood can remove the lactate, however if this does not happen muscle fatigue results. ...
... Lactic Acid Fermentation • The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate into lactic acid and converts NADH into NAD+. • Usually blood can remove the lactate, however if this does not happen muscle fatigue results. ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation in Homogenates of
... nates by fluoride at that time. Meanwhile, other investigators, using isotopically labeled substrates with tumor slices, had shown that hepatomas could form CO,@from glucose more rapidly than could normal liver (11, @7),while pyruvate was handled equally well by both tissues (11). Al though the gluc ...
... nates by fluoride at that time. Meanwhile, other investigators, using isotopically labeled substrates with tumor slices, had shown that hepatomas could form CO,@from glucose more rapidly than could normal liver (11, @7),while pyruvate was handled equally well by both tissues (11). Al though the gluc ...
answer key
... Oligomycin inhibits F1Fo-ATPase while CN- inhibits cytochrome oxidase. Because electron transport through cytochrome oxidase is coupled with ATP synthesis, both inhibitors inhibit the oxidative phosphorylation of pyruvate and succinate. Dinitrophenol uncouples oxidative phosphorylation so that subst ...
... Oligomycin inhibits F1Fo-ATPase while CN- inhibits cytochrome oxidase. Because electron transport through cytochrome oxidase is coupled with ATP synthesis, both inhibitors inhibit the oxidative phosphorylation of pyruvate and succinate. Dinitrophenol uncouples oxidative phosphorylation so that subst ...
Amphibolic nature of Krebs Cycle
... succinate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, αketoglutarate. • pyruvate (from glycolysis) • acetyl CoA stimulates pyruvate carboxylase ...
... succinate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, αketoglutarate. • pyruvate (from glycolysis) • acetyl CoA stimulates pyruvate carboxylase ...
Nucleic Acid metabolism De Novo Synthesis of Purine
... nucleosides or free bases). • One approach to the treatment of gout is the drug allopurinol, an isomer of hypoxanthine. • Allopurinol is a substrate for xanthine oxidase, but the product binds so tightly that the enzyme is now unable to oxidized its normal substrate. Uric acid production is diminish ...
... nucleosides or free bases). • One approach to the treatment of gout is the drug allopurinol, an isomer of hypoxanthine. • Allopurinol is a substrate for xanthine oxidase, but the product binds so tightly that the enzyme is now unable to oxidized its normal substrate. Uric acid production is diminish ...
Cell Respiration Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration Aerobic
... • Large amounts of ATP produced per fatty acid ...
... • Large amounts of ATP produced per fatty acid ...
Chapter 16
... 20. In the liver cells, citric acid cycle works to produces not only bioenergies but also precursors of various biosyntheses (glucose, lipids, amino acids and porphyrins). Thus, the citric acid cycle is amphibolic, i.e., both anabolism (synthesis of biomacromolecules from small precursors) and catab ...
... 20. In the liver cells, citric acid cycle works to produces not only bioenergies but also precursors of various biosyntheses (glucose, lipids, amino acids and porphyrins). Thus, the citric acid cycle is amphibolic, i.e., both anabolism (synthesis of biomacromolecules from small precursors) and catab ...
PowerPoint
... and use of that energy to generate ATP ENERGY (food) + ADP + Pi ATP • Two methods of breaking down food – Aerobic Respiration: oxygen utilizing – Anaerobic Respiration: no oxygen used ...
... and use of that energy to generate ATP ENERGY (food) + ADP + Pi ATP • Two methods of breaking down food – Aerobic Respiration: oxygen utilizing – Anaerobic Respiration: no oxygen used ...
Biochemistry
... A non trained man has usually muscular hypoxy after a sprint. What metabolite accumulates in the muscles as a result of it? A *Lactate ...
... A non trained man has usually muscular hypoxy after a sprint. What metabolite accumulates in the muscles as a result of it? A *Lactate ...
Nutrigenomics in Farm Animals
... on phenotype, and different diets regarding energy source and FA profile have been essayed in order to study their effects on composition and lipid metabolism in adipose, muscular and hepatic tissues. For this purpose, isoenergetic and isoproteic diets of different lipid composition were compared, s ...
... on phenotype, and different diets regarding energy source and FA profile have been essayed in order to study their effects on composition and lipid metabolism in adipose, muscular and hepatic tissues. For this purpose, isoenergetic and isoproteic diets of different lipid composition were compared, s ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.