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3. Feedback mechanisms control cellular respiration
... • The energy of fats can also be accessed via catabolic pathways. • Fats must be digested to glycerol and fatty acids. • Glycerol can be converted to glyceraldehyde phosphate, an intermediate of glycolysis. • The rich energy of fatty acids is accessed as fatty acids are split into two-carbon fragme ...
... • The energy of fats can also be accessed via catabolic pathways. • Fats must be digested to glycerol and fatty acids. • Glycerol can be converted to glyceraldehyde phosphate, an intermediate of glycolysis. • The rich energy of fatty acids is accessed as fatty acids are split into two-carbon fragme ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... • Again, process where glucose metabolized to 2 pyruvate molecules • This process is _________________ found—in other words, in all organisms regardless of domain –suggest common “ancestry”. • It occurs in the __________. Remember, Bacteria & Archea (prokaryotic cell types) do not have mitochondria. ...
... • Again, process where glucose metabolized to 2 pyruvate molecules • This process is _________________ found—in other words, in all organisms regardless of domain –suggest common “ancestry”. • It occurs in the __________. Remember, Bacteria & Archea (prokaryotic cell types) do not have mitochondria. ...
6ppt - UCSD Course Websites
... the Warburg effect is the observation that most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation in the cytosol ...
... the Warburg effect is the observation that most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation in the cytosol ...
Triglyceride Measurements: a Review of Methods and Interferences
... specific assay system. Although a listed contamination of 0.01% may not appear to be significant, its effects may accumulate when three or four enzymes are used in a reaction sequence. The following interferents (in alphabetical order) have been detected in our laboratory and can be present in comme ...
... specific assay system. Although a listed contamination of 0.01% may not appear to be significant, its effects may accumulate when three or four enzymes are used in a reaction sequence. The following interferents (in alphabetical order) have been detected in our laboratory and can be present in comme ...
lecture1
... Importance:- It is a device for generating NADPH (Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). By the oxidation of Glucose 6 Po4 to ribulose - 5 - PO4 and CO2. 2 moles of NADPH is produced for each mole of glucose ester oxidized. Function of NADPH: It is an electron carrier. It plays a speci ...
... Importance:- It is a device for generating NADPH (Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). By the oxidation of Glucose 6 Po4 to ribulose - 5 - PO4 and CO2. 2 moles of NADPH is produced for each mole of glucose ester oxidized. Function of NADPH: It is an electron carrier. It plays a speci ...
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
... • The enzymes of fatty acid synthesis are packaged together in a complex called as fatty acid synthase (FAS). • The product of FAS action is palmitic acid. (16:0). • Modifications of this primary FA leads to other longer (and shorter) FA and unsaturated FA. • The fatty acid molecule is synthesized 2 ...
... • The enzymes of fatty acid synthesis are packaged together in a complex called as fatty acid synthase (FAS). • The product of FAS action is palmitic acid. (16:0). • Modifications of this primary FA leads to other longer (and shorter) FA and unsaturated FA. • The fatty acid molecule is synthesized 2 ...
Lipid Synthesis
... a. Here is this enzyme again, We’ll walk through briefly, but I’m not going to ask you details about this b. We’re making the F.A. longer here c. To prime the pump, we need Acetyl CoA and Malonyl CoA d. Have condensation rxn that produces 4 carbon unit Acetoacyl ACP i. Anchored to protein – need pro ...
... a. Here is this enzyme again, We’ll walk through briefly, but I’m not going to ask you details about this b. We’re making the F.A. longer here c. To prime the pump, we need Acetyl CoA and Malonyl CoA d. Have condensation rxn that produces 4 carbon unit Acetoacyl ACP i. Anchored to protein – need pro ...
BIE 5810 - Chapter 5, Part I
... (2) ATP formation in Respiration Metabolism - H transferred to O2 Results in formation of up to 3 ATP molecules. ATP can be formed if alternate electron acceptor (AEA) is present (NO 3-) 5.3 Glucose Metabolism: Glycolysis & TCA Cycle (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas) pathway 1. (p.137) Aerobic catabolism of ...
... (2) ATP formation in Respiration Metabolism - H transferred to O2 Results in formation of up to 3 ATP molecules. ATP can be formed if alternate electron acceptor (AEA) is present (NO 3-) 5.3 Glucose Metabolism: Glycolysis & TCA Cycle (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas) pathway 1. (p.137) Aerobic catabolism of ...
26_Catabolism of tryacylglycerols oxidation of fatty acids a
... Storage and Mobilization of Fatty Acids (FA) • TGs are delivered to adipose tissue in the form of chylomicrones and VLDL, hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase into fatty acids and glycerol, which are taken up by adipocytes. • Then fatty acids are reesterified to TGs. • TGs are stored in adipocytes. • T ...
... Storage and Mobilization of Fatty Acids (FA) • TGs are delivered to adipose tissue in the form of chylomicrones and VLDL, hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase into fatty acids and glycerol, which are taken up by adipocytes. • Then fatty acids are reesterified to TGs. • TGs are stored in adipocytes. • T ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... decarboxylated to form acetyl CoA. • Then, acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle, where its two carbons are eventually oxidized to CO2. ...
... decarboxylated to form acetyl CoA. • Then, acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle, where its two carbons are eventually oxidized to CO2. ...
Final Exam - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... phosphatase that is responsible for the dephosphorylation of the bifunctional enzyme PFK-2/F2,6BPase. Dephosphorylation of the PFK-2/F2,6BPase isoenzyme in the liver results in the activation of its kinase activity. Briefly explain the logic of this regulatory loop with respect to the degradation of ...
... phosphatase that is responsible for the dephosphorylation of the bifunctional enzyme PFK-2/F2,6BPase. Dephosphorylation of the PFK-2/F2,6BPase isoenzyme in the liver results in the activation of its kinase activity. Briefly explain the logic of this regulatory loop with respect to the degradation of ...
OXIDATION OF FATTY ACIDS (LIPOLYSIS) Fatty acids stored in
... liver .Liver cannot use ketone bodies because the activating enzyme required for ketone body utilization is absent in the liver. While ketogenesis is an important survival mechanism that maintains high rates of fatty acid oxidation when carbohydrates stores are depleted, it can also lead to patholog ...
... liver .Liver cannot use ketone bodies because the activating enzyme required for ketone body utilization is absent in the liver. While ketogenesis is an important survival mechanism that maintains high rates of fatty acid oxidation when carbohydrates stores are depleted, it can also lead to patholog ...
Xu-7-integration
... cells to breakdown glucose, releasing its energy in the form of ATP the liver and muscle to store glucose as glycogen adipose tissue to store glucose as fat cells to use glucose in protein synthesis ...
... cells to breakdown glucose, releasing its energy in the form of ATP the liver and muscle to store glucose as glycogen adipose tissue to store glucose as fat cells to use glucose in protein synthesis ...
- WordPress.com
... A. fructose 1-phosphate pathway B. fructose 6-phosphate pathway C. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate pathway D.both (a) and (b) Answer: Option D ...
... A. fructose 1-phosphate pathway B. fructose 6-phosphate pathway C. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate pathway D.both (a) and (b) Answer: Option D ...
Metabolism (degradation) of triacylglycerols and fatty acids
... fat and carbohydrate degradation are not appropriately balanced and oxalacetate becomes depleted (glucose oxidation is suppressed, fat catabolism is accelerated). Overnight fasting: 0.05 mM, 2 day fasting: 2 mM, 40 day fasting: 7 mM ...
... fat and carbohydrate degradation are not appropriately balanced and oxalacetate becomes depleted (glucose oxidation is suppressed, fat catabolism is accelerated). Overnight fasting: 0.05 mM, 2 day fasting: 2 mM, 40 day fasting: 7 mM ...
Oxidation of Glucose
... 3ATPs from oxidation of NADH of (α-ketoglutanate dehydrogenase) 3ATPs from oxidation of NADH of (malate dehydrogenase) 3ATPs from oxidation of NADH of(isocitrate dehydrogenase) *Total energy yield in aerobic phase oxidation(kreb's) : (12ATP)+(3ATP)from oxidative decarboxylation =(15ATP) ...
... 3ATPs from oxidation of NADH of (α-ketoglutanate dehydrogenase) 3ATPs from oxidation of NADH of (malate dehydrogenase) 3ATPs from oxidation of NADH of(isocitrate dehydrogenase) *Total energy yield in aerobic phase oxidation(kreb's) : (12ATP)+(3ATP)from oxidative decarboxylation =(15ATP) ...
The Aerobic Fate of Pyruvate
... production of 32 molecules of ATP to be formed per glucose molecule. The function of the citric acid cycle is to harvest high energy electrons from carbon fuels. The citric acid cycle is the central metabolic hub of the cell, the gateway of aerobic metabolism. The citric acid cycle produces intermed ...
... production of 32 molecules of ATP to be formed per glucose molecule. The function of the citric acid cycle is to harvest high energy electrons from carbon fuels. The citric acid cycle is the central metabolic hub of the cell, the gateway of aerobic metabolism. The citric acid cycle produces intermed ...
Problem Set 8 Key
... 9. Fatty acid metabolism is controlled in a similar way that sugar metabolism is. a. Would you expect flux through each of the major pathways we’ve discussed (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, glycogen degradation, oxidation, fatty acid synthesis) to increase or decrease when the A ...
... 9. Fatty acid metabolism is controlled in a similar way that sugar metabolism is. a. Would you expect flux through each of the major pathways we’ve discussed (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, glycogen degradation, oxidation, fatty acid synthesis) to increase or decrease when the A ...
Incorporation of radioactive citrate into fatty acids
... The results in Fig. I also show that radioactivity from [I,5-14C2]citrate is incorporated into fatty acids. Evidence that citrate is being used for fatty acid synthesis via acetyl-CoA is provided by the results which show a decrease in counts in fatty acids from [l*C]citrate with increasing amounts ...
... The results in Fig. I also show that radioactivity from [I,5-14C2]citrate is incorporated into fatty acids. Evidence that citrate is being used for fatty acid synthesis via acetyl-CoA is provided by the results which show a decrease in counts in fatty acids from [l*C]citrate with increasing amounts ...
Alpha oxidation
... • Initiating Step - requires 1 ATP (text says 2) • Step 1 - FAD into e.t.c. = 2 ATP • Step 3 - NAD+ into e.t.c. = 3 ATP • Total ATP per turn of spiral = 5 ATP Example with Palmitic Acid = 16 carbons = 8 acetyl groups • Number of turns of fatty acid spiral = 8-1 = 7 turns • ATP from fatty acid spiral ...
... • Initiating Step - requires 1 ATP (text says 2) • Step 1 - FAD into e.t.c. = 2 ATP • Step 3 - NAD+ into e.t.c. = 3 ATP • Total ATP per turn of spiral = 5 ATP Example with Palmitic Acid = 16 carbons = 8 acetyl groups • Number of turns of fatty acid spiral = 8-1 = 7 turns • ATP from fatty acid spiral ...
Glycolysis Questions
... Using the diagram provided and page 65-66, answer the following questions. 1. Where does glycolysis occur? ...
... Using the diagram provided and page 65-66, answer the following questions. 1. Where does glycolysis occur? ...
Anaerobic Pathways Lesson Plan
... enables intense exercises and does not cause acidosis because it is deprotonated o lactate thought to be the cause of muscle stiffness and soreness, but lactate levels in muscles return to normal within an hour after exercise o Reducing pyruvate to lactate consumes a proton (counters acidosis) o Aci ...
... enables intense exercises and does not cause acidosis because it is deprotonated o lactate thought to be the cause of muscle stiffness and soreness, but lactate levels in muscles return to normal within an hour after exercise o Reducing pyruvate to lactate consumes a proton (counters acidosis) o Aci ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
... production of eighteen ATP molecules, and the two molecules of FADH2 produce four ATP molecules, for a total of 22. The total is therefore the two ATP molecules produced directly plus the 22 molecules formed through the electron transport chain, which ...
... production of eighteen ATP molecules, and the two molecules of FADH2 produce four ATP molecules, for a total of 22. The total is therefore the two ATP molecules produced directly plus the 22 molecules formed through the electron transport chain, which ...
CH 3
... • Ketone bodies are water soluble, they are convenient to transport in blood, and readily taken up by non-hepatic tissues In the early stages of fasting, the use of ketone bodies by heart, skeletal muscle conserves glucose for support of central nervous system. With more prolonged starvation, brain ...
... • Ketone bodies are water soluble, they are convenient to transport in blood, and readily taken up by non-hepatic tissues In the early stages of fasting, the use of ketone bodies by heart, skeletal muscle conserves glucose for support of central nervous system. With more prolonged starvation, brain ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.