Coenzyme A and Acyl Carrier Protein
... many proteins in the pathway have been determined. Although there are substantial sequence differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, coenzyme A is assembled in five steps from pantothenic acid in essentially the same way in both groups. However, pantothenic acid per se can only be synthesised ...
... many proteins in the pathway have been determined. Although there are substantial sequence differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, coenzyme A is assembled in five steps from pantothenic acid in essentially the same way in both groups. However, pantothenic acid per se can only be synthesised ...
Cell Respiration - Glycolysis PPT
... into two molecules of pyruvate • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and has two major phases – Energy investment phase – Energy payoff phase ...
... into two molecules of pyruvate • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and has two major phases – Energy investment phase – Energy payoff phase ...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
... The enzyme active site (lock) is able to accept only a specific type of substrate (key) ...
... The enzyme active site (lock) is able to accept only a specific type of substrate (key) ...
Midterm #2 - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... Explain why -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is a good target for regulation. (2 pts) The reaction catalyzed by -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is essentially irreversible (large negative G and loss of CO2). ...
... Explain why -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is a good target for regulation. (2 pts) The reaction catalyzed by -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is essentially irreversible (large negative G and loss of CO2). ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... 3. The citric acid cycle is amphibolic, serving in both catabolism and an anabolism; cycle intermediates can be drawn off and used as the starting material for variety of biosynthetic products ...
... 3. The citric acid cycle is amphibolic, serving in both catabolism and an anabolism; cycle intermediates can be drawn off and used as the starting material for variety of biosynthetic products ...
Lecture 3
... • Glycogen can be synthesized from 3-C precursors – Lactate, amino acids, glycerol – Indirect glycogen synthesis – Allows for lactate production during exercise and reconversion following – Important in keeping liver glycogen and thus, blood glucose steady ...
... • Glycogen can be synthesized from 3-C precursors – Lactate, amino acids, glycerol – Indirect glycogen synthesis – Allows for lactate production during exercise and reconversion following – Important in keeping liver glycogen and thus, blood glucose steady ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier Store
... plate section. Substrates for lipid synthesis enter the cells via the glucose transporter (GLUT1), a glycerol transporter, as amino acids, or as preformed fatty acids via a fatty acid transport protein (FATP). Glycolysis leads to the production of both glycerol-3-phosphate and pyruvate from glucose. ...
... plate section. Substrates for lipid synthesis enter the cells via the glucose transporter (GLUT1), a glycerol transporter, as amino acids, or as preformed fatty acids via a fatty acid transport protein (FATP). Glycolysis leads to the production of both glycerol-3-phosphate and pyruvate from glucose. ...
Protein mteabolism
... The rate limiting step in the cycle is the first reaction which is the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from CO2 and NH3 in the presence of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPSI) which is the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis. ...
... The rate limiting step in the cycle is the first reaction which is the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from CO2 and NH3 in the presence of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPSI) which is the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis. ...
Modulation of phosphate accumulation in isolated chick kidney cells
... for the inhibition, it remains possible that its cause is less simple than T e n e n h o u s e and Chu (1982) propose. In this connection it is of in ter es t that NADH has been shown to stimulate organic acid transport in renal tubules (Nikiforov, 1982). In the original model proposing a direct lin ...
... for the inhibition, it remains possible that its cause is less simple than T e n e n h o u s e and Chu (1982) propose. In this connection it is of in ter es t that NADH has been shown to stimulate organic acid transport in renal tubules (Nikiforov, 1982). In the original model proposing a direct lin ...
Chapter 7
... a way for a cell to get ATP fast! b. Aerobic RespirationThe remnants of glycolysis (pyruvates) and all other energy-providing nutrients, go through this process. This is a very complex series of reactions that occurs within MITOCHONDRIA. Mitochondria are isolated “rooms” in the cell where the enzyme ...
... a way for a cell to get ATP fast! b. Aerobic RespirationThe remnants of glycolysis (pyruvates) and all other energy-providing nutrients, go through this process. This is a very complex series of reactions that occurs within MITOCHONDRIA. Mitochondria are isolated “rooms” in the cell where the enzyme ...
Ch14
... same time in a cell, it would die of every starvation. We will get into how we stop this from happening in Chapter 15. All metabolic pathways are highly regulated so futile cycles do not occur. ...
... same time in a cell, it would die of every starvation. We will get into how we stop this from happening in Chapter 15. All metabolic pathways are highly regulated so futile cycles do not occur. ...
Analysis of energy metabolism in acetic acid bacteria during
... dehydrogenases is coupled with oxygen reduction by respiratory quinol oxidases via ubiquinone. Our results suggest that acetic acid bacteria have a mechanism to repress the regeneration of NADH by the TCA cycle when ATP is sufficient to maintain viability. In contrast to the TCA cycle genes, the exp ...
... dehydrogenases is coupled with oxygen reduction by respiratory quinol oxidases via ubiquinone. Our results suggest that acetic acid bacteria have a mechanism to repress the regeneration of NADH by the TCA cycle when ATP is sufficient to maintain viability. In contrast to the TCA cycle genes, the exp ...
Interpretation of Liver Function Tests
... ↓albumin + ↑protein = myeloma Prothrombin time/INR PT/INR is dependent on vitamin K-dependant clotting factors and fibrinogen which are made in the liver. Some clotting factors have short half lives (e.g. 6-8 hours) so changes can occur rapidly. ...
... ↓albumin + ↑protein = myeloma Prothrombin time/INR PT/INR is dependent on vitamin K-dependant clotting factors and fibrinogen which are made in the liver. Some clotting factors have short half lives (e.g. 6-8 hours) so changes can occur rapidly. ...
Ans 518_class 4
... • The pathway in which GLUT4 is integrated into the plasma membrane begins with insulin binding to its receptor dimer • The receptor dimer autophosphorylates (intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity) and subsequently activates insulin-responsive substrate-1 (IRS1), which initiates a series of reactions t ...
... • The pathway in which GLUT4 is integrated into the plasma membrane begins with insulin binding to its receptor dimer • The receptor dimer autophosphorylates (intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity) and subsequently activates insulin-responsive substrate-1 (IRS1), which initiates a series of reactions t ...
BI0 120 cell and tissues
... 28. The activation phase of the glycolysis consist of A. adding phosphates, modifying sugars and forming glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. B. oxidative steps, proton pumping, and reaction with oxygen. C. oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and storage of energy. D. ATP synthesis by substrate-level ph ...
... 28. The activation phase of the glycolysis consist of A. adding phosphates, modifying sugars and forming glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. B. oxidative steps, proton pumping, and reaction with oxygen. C. oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and storage of energy. D. ATP synthesis by substrate-level ph ...
1 - WordPress.com
... 51. Each of the following statements about the conversion of HMG CoA to mevalonic acid is correct EXCEPT (A) it requires NADPH and H+ (B) it is a key reaction in the synthesis of compounds that contain isoprenoid units (C) it is regulated by cholesterol (D) it is a step in the synthesis of ketone bo ...
... 51. Each of the following statements about the conversion of HMG CoA to mevalonic acid is correct EXCEPT (A) it requires NADPH and H+ (B) it is a key reaction in the synthesis of compounds that contain isoprenoid units (C) it is regulated by cholesterol (D) it is a step in the synthesis of ketone bo ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
... • Total: 106 ATP, or 6.625 ATP per carbon • Compare to glucose, which is 5.33 ATP per C ...
... • Total: 106 ATP, or 6.625 ATP per carbon • Compare to glucose, which is 5.33 ATP per C ...
General Chemistry 110 Quiz 1
... Discuss three metabolic fates of one of the following (15 points) a. glucose-6-phosphate b. oxaloacetate c. pyruvate ...
... Discuss three metabolic fates of one of the following (15 points) a. glucose-6-phosphate b. oxaloacetate c. pyruvate ...
Citric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism Entry of Pyruvate into
... • Oxaloacetate can be considered as a primary substrate of the TCA cycle. It is replenished from pyruvate by the gluconeogenic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase: Pyruvate + CO2 + ATP + H2O Æ Oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi • Pyruvate carboxylase is activated in the presence of acetyl ...
... • Oxaloacetate can be considered as a primary substrate of the TCA cycle. It is replenished from pyruvate by the gluconeogenic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase: Pyruvate + CO2 + ATP + H2O Æ Oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi • Pyruvate carboxylase is activated in the presence of acetyl ...
... NAFLD is defined as an excess of fat in the liver in which at least 5% of hepatocytes display lipid droplets (Neuschwander-Tetri, 2005) that exceed 5%-10% of liver weight (Adams et al., 2005 and Browning & Horton, 2004) in patients who do not A currently favored hypothesis is that “two hits” are req ...
Liver Enzyme Lab (2012)
... Purpose: Investigate some factors that may affect the activity of enzymes. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a toxic substance to our cells. It is a by-product of energy conversion in our bodies and must be broken down before it accumulates to lethal levels. Catalase is an enzyme in our cells that breaks ...
... Purpose: Investigate some factors that may affect the activity of enzymes. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a toxic substance to our cells. It is a by-product of energy conversion in our bodies and must be broken down before it accumulates to lethal levels. Catalase is an enzyme in our cells that breaks ...
Metabolism: Citric acid cycle
... larger than when glucose is converted to two lactate molecules. This has been exploited by metabolic evolution to also yield more ATP. Net ATP yield: NADH inside mitochondria: 2.5 ATP NADH in cytoplasm: 1.5 ATP FADH2: 1.5 ATP How many times large is the ATP yield when glucose is oxidized under aerob ...
... larger than when glucose is converted to two lactate molecules. This has been exploited by metabolic evolution to also yield more ATP. Net ATP yield: NADH inside mitochondria: 2.5 ATP NADH in cytoplasm: 1.5 ATP FADH2: 1.5 ATP How many times large is the ATP yield when glucose is oxidized under aerob ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.