![Kreb`s Cycle](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002995126_1-f372965bfff17e265ad716e9a444b542-300x300.png)
From floppy infant to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC
... In the presented case, an uneventful history, dysmorphic features, rapidly deteriorating condition, seizures, encephalopathy, associated with persistent lactic acidemia were highly suggestive of a metabolic disorder. The PDHC is a key player in energy metabolism. It connects glycolysis and the citri ...
... In the presented case, an uneventful history, dysmorphic features, rapidly deteriorating condition, seizures, encephalopathy, associated with persistent lactic acidemia were highly suggestive of a metabolic disorder. The PDHC is a key player in energy metabolism. It connects glycolysis and the citri ...
Energy Conversion Pathways 1. Substrate level phosphorylation
... depending on the number of cycles. The products of linear pathways are not substrates of other enzymatic reactions within the same pathway. If CAC were a linear pathway, only one type of radioactively labeled intermediate would be observed. b) Inorganic phosphate is required by one of the CAC reacti ...
... depending on the number of cycles. The products of linear pathways are not substrates of other enzymatic reactions within the same pathway. If CAC were a linear pathway, only one type of radioactively labeled intermediate would be observed. b) Inorganic phosphate is required by one of the CAC reacti ...
Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
... All three isozymes of pyruvate kinase are allosterically inhibited by ATP, acetyl-CoA and long chain fatty acids (all signs of an abundant energy supply). The liver isoenzyme (L form), but not the muscle isoenzyme (M form) is further regulated by phosphorylation. When the glucose level in blood decr ...
... All three isozymes of pyruvate kinase are allosterically inhibited by ATP, acetyl-CoA and long chain fatty acids (all signs of an abundant energy supply). The liver isoenzyme (L form), but not the muscle isoenzyme (M form) is further regulated by phosphorylation. When the glucose level in blood decr ...
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
... to Pentose Phosphate Pathway, maximizing formation of NADPH, which is need for reductive biosynthesis. ...
... to Pentose Phosphate Pathway, maximizing formation of NADPH, which is need for reductive biosynthesis. ...
19_Glycolysis, aerobic oxidation of glucose
... GluT1 is seen in erythrocytes and endothelial cells; GluT3 is located in neuronal cells (has higher affinity to glucose); GluT5 – in intestine and kidneys; GluT4 - in muscles and fat cells. ...
... GluT1 is seen in erythrocytes and endothelial cells; GluT3 is located in neuronal cells (has higher affinity to glucose); GluT5 – in intestine and kidneys; GluT4 - in muscles and fat cells. ...
Energy Conversion Pathways 1. Substrate level phosphorylation
... depending on the number of cycles. The products of linear pathways are not substrates of other enzymatic reactions within the same pathway. If CAC were a linear pathway, only one type of radioactively labeled intermediate would be observed. b) Inorganic phosphate is required by one of the CAC reacti ...
... depending on the number of cycles. The products of linear pathways are not substrates of other enzymatic reactions within the same pathway. If CAC were a linear pathway, only one type of radioactively labeled intermediate would be observed. b) Inorganic phosphate is required by one of the CAC reacti ...
15Nitrogen metabolism
... *Regulation of oxidative deamination Direction of reaction: 1) Depends on the relative concentration of glutamate, α-ketoglutarate and ...
... *Regulation of oxidative deamination Direction of reaction: 1) Depends on the relative concentration of glutamate, α-ketoglutarate and ...
Hypoglycemia: Pediatric Board Review
... for evaluation of failure to thrive and generalized seizures. On physical examination, the child appears wasted and has a protuberant abdomen and marked hepatomegaly. Laboratory evaluation reveals fasting hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia. ...
... for evaluation of failure to thrive and generalized seizures. On physical examination, the child appears wasted and has a protuberant abdomen and marked hepatomegaly. Laboratory evaluation reveals fasting hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia. ...
A fatty acid
... acetate and glucose (straight-chain even carbon #). • If propionate or valerate used, straight-chain odd carbon fatty acids synthesized. • Branched-chain VFA used to produce branched chain fatty acids. • About 15 to 20% of microbial fatty acids are monounsaturated. No polyunsaturated fatty acids are ...
... acetate and glucose (straight-chain even carbon #). • If propionate or valerate used, straight-chain odd carbon fatty acids synthesized. • Branched-chain VFA used to produce branched chain fatty acids. • About 15 to 20% of microbial fatty acids are monounsaturated. No polyunsaturated fatty acids are ...
Dysglycemia refers to any disorders in serum (blood) glucose
... respond to hormones, as well as adrenal stress affecting cortisol, disrupt intercellular communication between lypolysis and lipogenesis, decrease the activity and synthesis of thyroid hormones, upregulate the immune system and many other stressful and destructive effects. Infections will uncouple ...
... respond to hormones, as well as adrenal stress affecting cortisol, disrupt intercellular communication between lypolysis and lipogenesis, decrease the activity and synthesis of thyroid hormones, upregulate the immune system and many other stressful and destructive effects. Infections will uncouple ...
SBI 4UI Review of Biochemistry Name: Learning Goals R Y G
... know the monomer structure of glucose (ie: draw it or identify it in a model) know the monomer is a saccharide and these saccharides make polymers. identify functional groups in the glucose. explain what disaccharides and polysaccharides are with examples. explain isomers. know that monomers are hel ...
... know the monomer structure of glucose (ie: draw it or identify it in a model) know the monomer is a saccharide and these saccharides make polymers. identify functional groups in the glucose. explain what disaccharides and polysaccharides are with examples. explain isomers. know that monomers are hel ...
Fatty Acid Metabolism - Weber State University
... Butyryl ACP returns to condense with malonyl ACP during the second turn of this cycle. Longer products also return to condense with malonyl CoA until the chain has grown to its appropriate length (most often C16). ...
... Butyryl ACP returns to condense with malonyl ACP during the second turn of this cycle. Longer products also return to condense with malonyl CoA until the chain has grown to its appropriate length (most often C16). ...
The citric acid cycle is the
... The TCA Cycle—A Brief Summary • The entry of new carbon units into the cycle is through acetyl-CoA. • This entry metabolite can be formed either from pyruvate (from glycolysis) or from oxidation of fatty acids. • In the process, metabolic energy is captured in the form of ATP, NADH, and enzyme-bou ...
... The TCA Cycle—A Brief Summary • The entry of new carbon units into the cycle is through acetyl-CoA. • This entry metabolite can be formed either from pyruvate (from glycolysis) or from oxidation of fatty acids. • In the process, metabolic energy is captured in the form of ATP, NADH, and enzyme-bou ...
Amino Acid Regulation of RNA Synthesis
... This measures the extent to which ATP-ADP-AMP systems of the cell contains high energy phosphate bonds, and is given by the formula. Using this formula, the charge for a cell falls between 0 and 1.0 by a system resembling feedback regulation. ...
... This measures the extent to which ATP-ADP-AMP systems of the cell contains high energy phosphate bonds, and is given by the formula. Using this formula, the charge for a cell falls between 0 and 1.0 by a system resembling feedback regulation. ...
Fuel Metabolism PART 1: Structure and Function of Protein
... 5-D. In the TCA cycle, 3 NADHs are produced (3 x 53 = 159 kcal), 1 FADH2 (41 kcal), and 1 GTP (8 kcal). The percentage of the total energy available from oxidation of acetate that is transferred to these compounds is, therefore, 208/243 kcal or 86%. 6-C. About 12 ATP are produced by the TCA cycle (1 ...
... 5-D. In the TCA cycle, 3 NADHs are produced (3 x 53 = 159 kcal), 1 FADH2 (41 kcal), and 1 GTP (8 kcal). The percentage of the total energy available from oxidation of acetate that is transferred to these compounds is, therefore, 208/243 kcal or 86%. 6-C. About 12 ATP are produced by the TCA cycle (1 ...
b. Ketogenic amino acids
... -Amino acids whose catabolism's yield pyruvate or one of the intermediates of the TCA cycle. -These intermediates are substrates for gluconeogenesis, and therefore, can give rise to the net formation of glucose or glycogen in the liver and glycogen in the muscle. b. Ketogenic amino acids -Amino acid ...
... -Amino acids whose catabolism's yield pyruvate or one of the intermediates of the TCA cycle. -These intermediates are substrates for gluconeogenesis, and therefore, can give rise to the net formation of glucose or glycogen in the liver and glycogen in the muscle. b. Ketogenic amino acids -Amino acid ...
18. Metabolism of lipids 1
... Apo B-100 is hydrolyzed to amino acids Cholesteryl esters are hydrolyzed to free cholesterol and fatty acids Released free cholesterol: - is incorporated into the membranes or - is reesterified for storage inside the cell by the enzyme acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) ...
... Apo B-100 is hydrolyzed to amino acids Cholesteryl esters are hydrolyzed to free cholesterol and fatty acids Released free cholesterol: - is incorporated into the membranes or - is reesterified for storage inside the cell by the enzyme acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Fates of Pyruvate from glycolysis (2
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Metabolism—the sum of all biochemical reactions in an organism or cell. a) anabolic—synthesis of compounds; an example is photosynthesis b) catabolic—breakdown of compounds; an example is cellular respiration Metabolic pathways—are the steps (enzymes, substrates and products) us ...
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Metabolism—the sum of all biochemical reactions in an organism or cell. a) anabolic—synthesis of compounds; an example is photosynthesis b) catabolic—breakdown of compounds; an example is cellular respiration Metabolic pathways—are the steps (enzymes, substrates and products) us ...
The Role of the Carnitine System in Human Metabolism
... acyl CoA is transferred into triglyceride in the fed state and enters fatty acid β-oxidation in the fasted state or in poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. We originally thought that the initiating event was blockade of triglyceride synthesis. That would allow long-chain fatty acyl CoA to enter the mi ...
... acyl CoA is transferred into triglyceride in the fed state and enters fatty acid β-oxidation in the fasted state or in poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. We originally thought that the initiating event was blockade of triglyceride synthesis. That would allow long-chain fatty acyl CoA to enter the mi ...
Lecture 9 Fatty Acid Synthesis
... Malonyl-CoA by Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Biotin: water soluble vitamin – functions as a CO2 carrier for several important reactions including: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Pyruvate carboxylase Propionyl CoA carboxylase ...
... Malonyl-CoA by Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Biotin: water soluble vitamin – functions as a CO2 carrier for several important reactions including: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Pyruvate carboxylase Propionyl CoA carboxylase ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.