Download Cell Processes vocabulary 11/1/16

Vocabulary
Cell Processes
WORD
DEFINITION
Mixture
Combination of substances in
which the individual substances
do not change or combine
chemically, but instead retain
their own individual properties
Compounds that always contain
hydrogen and carbon
Organic compound
Enzyme
Inorganic compound
Osmosis
Endocytosis
Excoytosis
A type of protein that regulates
nearly all chemical reactions in
cells
Compound, such as , H÷O that is
made from elements other than
carbon and whose atoms usually
can be arranged only in one
structure
Type of passive transport that
occurs when water diffuses
through a cell membrane
Process by which a cell takes in a
substance by surrounding it with
the cell membrane
Process by which vesicles release
their contents outside the cell
ESSENTIAL
CHARACTERISTICS
EXAMPLES
Can be gases, solids, liquids,
or any combination of them;
living things contain mixtures
called suspensions
blood
Carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids are
organic compounds found in
living things
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
proteins
Contain fewer atoms than
organic compounds; contain
elements needed by living
things
Water
Calcium phosphate
salts
Cells contain water and are
surrounded by water
Diffusion
Passive transport
Molecules and particles too
large to move by diffusion use
transport proteins engulfed in
a vesicle
Vesicle fuses to the cell
membrane
Cells in the stomach
Metabolism
Passive transport
Active transport
Diffusion
Equilibrium
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Fermentation
The total of all chemical
reactions in an organism
Movement of substances through
a cell membrane without the use
of cellular energy
Energy-requiring process in
which transport proteins bind
with particles and move them
through a cell membrane
A type of passive transport in
cells in which molecules move
from areas where there are more
of them to areas where there are
fewer of them
Occurs when molecules of one
substance are spread equally
throughout another substance
Food-making process by which
plants and many other producers
use light energy to produce
glucose and oxygen from carbon
dioxide and water
Series of chemical reactions used
to release stored energy in food
molecules
Process by which oxygen-lacking
cells and some one-celled
organisms release small amounts
of energy from glucose molecules
Chemical reactions of
metabolism need enzymes
Includes diffusion, osmosis,
and facilitated diffusion;
depends on the size of the
molecule
Active transport involves
transport proteins; cellular
energy is used to move
particles through the cell
membrane
Cellular passive transport
diffusion stops when
equilibrium is reached
After equilibrium is reached, it
is maintained because the
molecules continue to move
Organisms that make their
own food are called producers;
must have chlorophyll to
capture sunlight
Enzymes are needed for the
chemical reactions of
respiration
Produces wastes such alcohol,
carbon dioxide, and lactic acid
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Nutrients in the soil
through the roots of a
plant
Oxygen in the blood
Plants
Producers
Breaking down
carbohydrates
Yeasts`