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Biology Benchmark Exam #3b 2009-2010
1. If a section of DNA has 27 percent thymine, how much adenine will it have?
A 23 percent
B 27 percent
C 46 percent
D 77 percent
2. The diagram above shows which cellular process?
A Replication
B Transcription
C Translation
D Mutation
3. A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing
protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed of only the
amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate?
A The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil.
B UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine.
C Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes.
D Most proteins contain only one type of amino acid.
4. Sickle cell anemia is a human genetic disease caused by a change in one codon in a gene
from GAA to GUA. This disease is the result ofA a mutation.
B a meiosis error.
C crossing-over.
D polyploidy.
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5. A strand of mRNA containing the repeating sequence AAGAAGAAGAAG could code
for which of the following amino acid sequences?
A
B
C
D
lys–arg–glu–lys
ser–ser–glu–glu
lys–arg–lys–arg
lys–lys–lys–lys
6. Some events that take place during protein synthesis are listed below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
DNA serves as a template for RNA production.
Transfer RNA bonds to a specific codon.
Amino acids are bonded together.
RNA moves from the nucleus to a ribosome.
The correct order of the events of protein synthesis is:
A
B
C
D
1–4–2–3
4–1–3–2
2–3–1–4
3–2–1–4
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7. In the above diagram, which DNA bases are correctly paired?
A
B
C
D
1
2
3
4
8. The diagram to the right shows
which cellular process?
A
B
C
D
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Mutation
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5' G T A _ _ _ A A 3'
3' C A T G C A T T 5'
9. This segment of DNA (above) has undergone a mutation in which three nucleotides have
been deleted. A repair enzyme would replace them with:
A
B
C
D
CGT.
GCA.
CTG.
GTA.
10. The enzyme amylase can be produced by cells in the salivary glands but not by cells in
the tongue. This is because
A cells in the tongue do not contain amylase genes.
B cells in the tongue do not express the amylase genes.
C DNA varies from cell to cell based on the cell's needs.
D cells in the tongue send amylase to the salivary gland cells.
11. The order of which part of the DNA strand determines the traits of an organism?
A
B
C
D
Nitrogen bases
Phosphate group
Sugar molecule
Hydrogen bonds
12. Although there are only 20 amino acids, many different types of proteins exist because
the:
A size of a given amino acid can vary.
B chemical composition of a given amino acid can vary.
C sequence and number of amino acids is different.
D same amino acid can have many different properties.
13. What are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA?
A
B
C
D
ribose
purines
nucleotides
phosphorus
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14. Recombinant DNA is presently used in the biotechnology industry to:
A
B
C
D
eliminate all infectious disease in livestock.
synthesize insulin, interferon, and human growth hormone.
increase the frequency of fertilization.
create populations that exhibit incomplete dominance.
15. Genetic engineering has produced goats whose milk contains proteins that can be used
as medicines. This effect was produced by:
A
B
C
D
mixing foreign genes into the milk.
injecting foreign genes into the goat’s udders.
inserting foreign genes into fertilized goat’s eggs.
genetically modifying the nutritional needs of the goat’s offspring.
16. What are the building blocks of proteins?
A
B
C
D
amino acids
DNA molecules
fatty acids
RNA molecules
17. What accounts for the differences in proteins?
A
B
C
D
Different proteins are synthesized by different processes.
Different proteins are created in different kinds of structures in the cell.
Different proteins have different numbers or sequences of amino acids.
Proteins are made differently in different organisms.
18. A DNA sequence is shown below.
ACAGTGC
How would the base sequence be coded on mRNA?
A TGTCACG
B GUGACAU
C UGUCACG
D CACUGUA
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19. Which mutation could be passed on to future generations?
A
B
C
D
a mutation in a liver cell
cancer caused by excessive exposure of skin cells to the sun
a mutation during the formation of the sperm and egg
a mutation in a leaf cell of a maple tree
20. Genetic engineering is when genes from one organism are inserted into another and are
expressed. Genetic engineering is possible because:
A all organisms have the same genetic code.
B all organisms have the same genes.
C all organisms have the same proteins.
D all organisms have the same chromosome.s
21. Which of the following is the correct sequence for the production of proteins?
A
B
C
D
DNA → transcription → mRNA → translation → protein
DNA → translation → mRNA → transcription → protein
mRNA → transcription → DNA → translation → protein
mRNA → translation → DNA → transcription → protein
22. In the above diagram, which amino acid would added to the sequence next?
A
B
C
D
leucine
glycine
valine
histidine
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23. Why are proteins so important?
A they make up most of the cell membrane
B they control chemical reactions in living things
C they carry the genetic code
D they allow living things to remove waste
24. Why are your lung cells different from your muscle cells?
A
B
C
D
they have different genes
different genes are being used in each
they came from different sperm and egg cells
they are the same
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Open Ended Question
The following paragraphs were adapted from an article in the March 1990 issue of Discover magazine.
THE ULTIMATE MEDICINE
Broken genes cause a variety of illnesses. Genetic surgeons can now go into a cell and fix those
genes with an unlikely scalpel: a virus.
by Geoffrey Montgomery
The first time Richard Mulligan turned a virus into a truck, he was a 25-year-old graduate
student. He had just performed an unprecedented feat of bioengineering -- he had used the
tools of recombinant DNA technology to splice a rabbit gene into a monkey virus. Normally,
viruses are vehicles for their own genes. In fact, they are little more than genetic material
wrapped within a shell that allows the virus to travel from one cell to the next. They penetrate a
cell, then commandeer the cell's genetic machinery into making thousands of virus copies. But
with molecular sleight of hand, Mulligan had pulled out the genes that allow the virus to replicate
and put in their place the genes for hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that carries
oxygen. Mulligan hoped that the genetically modified virus would no longer tell the cell it had
entered to make more virus particles. It would just order hemoglobin proteins.
Mulligan assembled his fleet of viral "trucks," all with the hemoglobin gene in their cargo bay.
Then he dumped a soupy solution of these viruses into a dish of cells from a monkey's kidney.
Kidney cells have no roles in oxygen transport and do not normally make hemoglobin
molecules. But these kidney cells, after their invasion by Mulligan's viruses, underwent an
astonishing transformation. Spurred on by the unloaded hemoglobin genes, the kidney cells
began to churn out hemoglobin molecules.
With those hemoglobin proteins, Mulligan had ushered in a revolutionary new vision of therapy
for human genetic disease. His path-breaking gene-transfer experiment suggested that one
could transform viruses, nature's parasites, into molecular ambulances capable of shuttling
beneficial genes into ailing cells. It was more than a major event in basic biological research. It
signaled the dawn of a new era of medicine, in which physicians would be able to reach down
into the molecular foundations of a disease and cure an ailment by correcting its cause.
Based on your knowledge of genetics and the information in the preceding passage,
answer the following questions.
What is a gene? What is it made of? What is the major function of a gene?
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Biology Benchmark Exam #3b 2009-2010
Answer Key
1) B
2) C
3) B
4) A
5) D
6) A
7) C
8) B
9) A
10) B
11) A
12) C
13) C
14) B
15) C
16) A
17) C
18) C
19) C
20) A
21) A
22) D
23) B
24) B
5a
4a
4b
4c
4b
1d
5a
5b
5b
4d
5a
4e
1h
5c
5c
1h
4e
5b
4c
5c
1d
4a
1h
4d
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Open Ended- 2.0/2c/2d/2e/2f/3a/3b
Score & Description
Complete -4
Student response demonstrates an understanding of what a gene is, what it is made of, and its
major function. The definition of a gene can be stated in terms of its function.
Credited Responses Include.
Gene:


A unit of hereditary material.
A code for a particular trait of characteristic.
Structure:


Made of Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA).
Double Helix of nitrogenous bases.
Gene/Function:


Codes for a particular protein (or polypeptide).
Blueprint for protein.
Essential-3
These responses address what a gene is in general terms (e.g., a unit of hereditary material) and
what it is made of (DNA). They indicate no understanding of its role in protein or polypeptide
production.
Partial-2
These responses address either what a gene is in general terms or what it is made of.
Unsatisfactory/Incorrect -1
These responses demonstrate no understanding of a gene or its function.
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