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BioSc 231 General Genetics Exam 2 Name __________________________________ Multiple Choice. (4 points each) ____ In a complementation test the number of complementation groups indicates A. B. C. D. E. the number of genes required for a specific phenotype the penetrance of a phenotype the number of phenotypes for a gene the number of chromosomes in an organism the quantity of gene product required for a phenotype _____ A plant of genotype C D/C D is crossed to c d/ c d and the resulting F1 testcrossed to c d/c d. If the genes are unlinked, the percentage of c D recombinants will be A. B. C. D. E. 10% 25% 30% 40% 50% _____ In Drosophila the alleles for brown and for scarlet eyes (resulting from two independent genes) interact so that the double homozygous recessive is white. A pure-breeding brown (BBss) and pure breeding scarlet (bbSS) (P generation) are crossed. What proportion of the F2 will be white? A. B. C. D. E. 1/4 3/4 1/16 7/16 9/16 _____ The Arabidospis genes gr and een are linked, 30 map units apart. If a plant gr+ een/gr een+ is testcrossed, what proportion of the progeny will be gr een/gr een? A. B. C. D. 0.03 0.15 0.20 0.50 _____ In humans, the unlinked dominant alleles, P and B, are both required for normal development of the cochlea and the auditory nerve, respectively. Either of the recessive alleles, p and b, can result in deafness due to impairment of these essential parts of the ear. Which of the following sets of parents would produce all hearing children? A. B. C. D. PPbb x ppBB PpBb x PpBb Ppbb x PpBb PpBb x PPBb _____ In sweet peas, the two allelic pairs C, c and P, p are known to affect pigment formation in the flowers. The dominants, C and P, are both necessary for colored flowers - absence of either results in white. A dihybrid plant with colored flowers is crossed to a white one which is heterozygous at the ācā locus. What are the genotypes of these two plants? A. B. C. D. E. CcPp and Ccpp CCPP and Ccpp ccpp and Ccpp CcPp and ccpp CcPp and ccPp _____ Assume that an additional allelic pair in sweet peas also affects pigment formation in addition to the genes mentioned in the previous question. The presence of the dominant R allele is required for red flowers and the recessive r allele produces yellow flowers. Which of the following genotypes would result in red flowers? A. B. C. D. E. CcPpRr CcppRR CcPPrr ccPPRR CcppRR _____ In a complementation test A. B. C. D. mutations that complement are allelic mutations that complement belong to the same complementation group mutations that complement are in two different genes required for the wild-type phenotype mutations that are allelic are required for complementation _____ A person who has type AB blood has A. B. C. D. A antigens on the cell surface B antigens on the cell surface both A and B antigens on the cell surface no surface antigens _____ In crossing over A. B. C. D. Genetic exchange occurs before chromosome replication The probability of its occurrence decreases with increasing distance between the genes exchanged Occurs more frequently between two loci very close together The reciprocal exchange between homologous chromosomes is random _____ A dihybrid cross results in a phenotypic ratio of 12:3:1. This type of ratio most likely results from A. B. C. D. E. incomplete dominance co-dominance epistasis co-penetrance variable penetrance Short Answer. (variable points) Two-point testcrosses revealed the following map results: br__________ir 9 map units ir___________cs 5 map units A. Draw the two possible maps for these loci. (8) B. What other cross would resolve the two possible maps and what are the possible outcomes of that cross? (4) Compound Tested Mutant (8) The table to the right shows the results of a series of experiments to determine the sequence of intermediates in a biochemical pathway. 4 independent auxotrophic mutants which all require compound E (an amino acid) as a nutritional supplement were analyzed with 4 compounds that are precursors in the synthesis of compound E. Each mutant was grown on a minimal medium supplemented with each of the indicated compounds. + indicates growth that is supported by the indicated precursor. Using the diagram below, show the order of the intermediates in the pathway and indicate which step in the pathway is catalyzed by each mutant by placing the letter representing the appropriate compound in each box and the number of the appropriate mutant in each circle. A B C D E 1 -- -- -- -- + 2 + + -- + + 3 -- + -- -- + 4 + + -- -- + (8) In pumpkins, jack-o-lantern shaped fruit (o) is recessive to round shaped fruit (o+). Branching vines (s) is recessive to simple vines (s+). In the P generation, plants from two different pure-breeding lines are crossed. One variety bears round fruit and has simple vines. The other variety has jack-o-lantern fruits and branched vines. The resulting F1 plants were testcrossed and the following 240 progeny were obtained: 72 48 54 66 - round, simple - jack-o-lantern, simple - round, branched - jack-o-lantern, branched Calculate the chi-square and P values based on the prediction that the genes are not linked. (chart is on the last page) (12) In corn, the genes m, s and t are linked. The data given below summarize the result of 1000 offspring from a three-point testcross. From the data, construct a map showing the genes in the correct order and indicating the distances between each pair of genes. m+ m m m+ m+ m m m+ s+ s s+ s s s+ s s+ t+ t t t+ t t+ t+ t 310 295 77 70 119 108 12 9 (12) Based on the complementation data below, A) how many complementation groups exist, and B) which mutations belong to each group? (+ = complementation, -- = no complementation) Mutation Mutation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 -- 2 + -- 3 -- + -- 4 + + + -- 5 + + + -- -- 6 + -- + + + -- 7 -- + -- + + + -- 8 + + + + + + + -- 9 + + + + + + + -- -- 10 + -- + + + -- + + + 10 -- Bonus Question (5 pts) An Arabidopsis thaliana flowering mutation has been generated in the Columbia (Col) line. The mutant line was then crossed with a wild-type Landsberg erectus (Ler) line to generate the F1 generation. The F1 generation was allowed to self to produce the F2 generation. F2 plants that displayed the mutant phenotype were assayed using the CAPS system to identify a molecular marker that is linked to the mutant flowering gene. Two markers from each of the five Arabidopsis thaliana chromosomes were tested. The results of those tests were as follows. Marker Name Chromosome # with Ler Markers # with Col Markers m 235 m 305 1 top 1 bottom 43 11 51 59 PhylB/hy3 m 429 2 top 2 bottom 38 39 36 29 g 4711 BGL1 3 top 3 bottom 29 20 21 30 GA1 AG 4 top 4 bottom 44 28 38 24 r 89998 DFR 5 top 5 bottom 41 50 45 34 Which marker is linked to the flowering mutation?