Download Study Guide for Test on Chapter 11 and 14-1, 14-2

Study Guide for Test on Chapter 11 and 14-1, 14-2
Chapter 11: Introduction to Genetics
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Vocabulary: genetics, fertilization, true-breeding, trait, hybrid, gene, allele, segregation, gamete, probability,
Punnett square, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, genotype, independent assortment, incomplete
dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic traits, homologous, diploid, haploid, meiosis, tetrad,
crossing-over, gene map
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Know or be able to:
o Explain what was learned from Mendel’s work with pea plants
o Determine the probability of a particular event(s) occurring
 Don’t forget the “And” rule (multiplication)
o Distinguish among the terms homozygous recessive, homozygous dominant, heterozygous, truebreeding, and hybrid
 Be able to provide genotypes based on being given these terms
o Distinguish among genotype and phenotype
o Perform genetic crosses and determine probabilities using Punnett squares
 Be able to do problems involving normal dominance, two-traits, incomplete dominance,
codominance, blood types, and sex-linked traits
o Identify and explain Mendel’s 4 main principles (refer to p. 272 in textbook)
o Distinguish among normal dominance, codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, and
polygenic traits
 Be able to identify examples of each
o Explain the importance of meiosis
o Describe what happens during each phase of meiosis I and meiosis II
 Focus on what happens to the chromosomes
 Know when tetrad formation and crossing-over occurs
o Distinguish among the type and number of gametes formed in males vs. in females
 Know how many sperm, eggs, and polar bodies are formed from one meiosis division
o Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis
 How many divisions
 How many cells produced (Are the cells formed genetically identical or different?)
 What types of cells undergo each process
 What is the purpose of each type of division
o Explain what it means for genes to be linked
o Explain what a gene map is
 Explain how the frequencies of crossing-over between genes can be used to create gene maps
Chapter 14-1 and 14-2: The Human Genome
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Vocabulary: karyotype, sex chromosome, autosome, pedigree, sex-linked gene, non-disjunction
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Know or be able to:
o Identify the types of human chromosomes in a karyotype
 Autosomes vs. sex chromosomes (how many total chromosomes in humans?)
o Explain what a karyotype is and what can be learned from it
 If given a karyotype, be able to provide information about it by analyzing it
o Explain how sex is determined (male vs. female)
o Explain how pedigrees are used to study human traits
 If given a pedigree, be able to provide information about it by analyzing it
o Explain what sex-linked disorders are and why they are more common in males
 Identify some sex-linked disorders
o Explain the process of X-chromosome inactivation
 Know what Barr body is and what it is formed from
o Summarize non-disjunction and the problems it causes
 Define monosomy (1 chromosome in a cell) and trisomy (3 chromosomes in a cell)