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Name: ________________________________
Date: __________
Introduction to Cells
In 1665, _______________________, an English scientist, experimented
with a simple microscope. He observed tiny, orderly, but empty _________
in a thin slice of ________, a type of dead plant material. He called these
spaces “_____________.”
Cells: The _________ units of _______ ___________ organisms.
The Cell Theory
1. ____________ living things are made up of _________.
2. The __________ is the __________ unit of _________ living things.
3. Only ____________ cells can produce __________ __________ cells.
The Structure of Cells
 Cells come in many __________ and __________.
 Some cells are very __________ in their ______________. Other
cells, however, do contain many __________________ structures that
perform the various functions of cell activity.
 Types of cells: ___________________________________________
Basic Parts of All Cells (Plant and Animal)
1. Cell Membrane
 ________________ each cell is a ______________ called the cell
membrane.
 This is the part of the cell that determines what _________ and
_________ the cell.
2. Cytoplasm
 All cells have a _________ - __________ substance called cytoplasm.
 Many of the _______________ of a __________ are ___________
out here.
3. Nucleus
 Near the __________ of most cells is a structure called the nucleus.
 It is the “_________ _________” of the ______ that directs all of the
______ activities.
 It is surrounded by a _____________ called the ___________
____________.
 Contained in the nucleus are the genetic materials - ______ and
______.
 DNA stands for _________________________ ________.
 These complex organic molecules contain, ___________, and
____________ the instructions for the ______________, growth, and
_______________ of all ____________ organisms.
 Throughout the nucleus are structures called ________________.
They are _____ - shaped structures that are made of coiled ______.
 All human cells have ______ chromosomes.
4. Organelles
 _________ specialized structures within a ________ that ________
cell functions.
 Organelle means “__________ __________.”
a. Vacuoles: ___________ areas located in the __________.
 Some of these vacuoles store _______ for future use. Some
store __________. Others store ___________ until they can be
removed from the cell.
 In animal cells they resemble _______ _______ ________. In
plants, they are much larger.
b. Mitochondria: structures in the ______________ that release
_________ from _________.
 These are also called the ____________ _____________ or the
“powerhouse” of the cell.
 They produce energy for cell activities by _____________
_____________, a process that is similar to burning calories.
c. Ribosomes: structures in the ______________ where __________
are made.
 They are ______, round structures that are attached to a
_______, _______ ___________ in the cytoplasm called the
endoplasmic reticulum.
Uniqueness of Plant Cells
Plant ________ contain ________ the structures that are found in ________
cells. But there are _________ (mainly 3) differences that are __________
to __________ cells.
1. Size of Vacuole
 Vacuoles in plant cells are _______ ________.
 Like the vacuoles in animal cells, the ________ cell vacuole
also acts as a _________ area.
 It is filled with a ________ fluid that is mostly _________, but
also contains _________, starch, and __________ molecules.
2. Cell Wall
 Plant cells also have a ________, ________, outer boundary
called a cell wall.
 It is a rigid, protective structure that ____________ the plant
cell.
 The cell wall ____________ and ____________ the cell.
 Animal cells ______ _______ have a cell wall, just a _______
___________.
3. Ability to make its own food
 In the _____________ of some plant cells, there are many
__________, ___________ structures called ______________.
 These ________ - shaped structures in plant cells contain
________________.
 Chlorophyll is organic ____________ in green plants that
____________ sunlight for ____________ ___________.
 Chlorophyll enables a plant cell to make its own food by a
process called ___________________.