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Biology Final Exam Review Unit 5: Mendelian Genetics & Cell Reproduction
5A Cell Reproduction
1. What is mitosis? What are the products of mitosis?
2. What important events occur at each of the following phases of mitosis?
a. Prophase
b. Metaphase
c. Anaphase
d. telophase
3. How is the cell cycle of a cancerous cell different from a normal, healthy cell?
4. Which letter in the graph below shows the growth of a cancerous tumor? Could this be
described as exponential or logarithmic growth? Explain.
Cell growth
A
B
C
time
5. Label the diagrams below and put in the correct order, and identify major events taking place
during each phase.
6. What is the important of spindle fibers during mitosis?
7. What is meiosis?
8. What is the difference between diploid and haploid?
Complete the following compare and contrast table:
Mitosis
Function
Location in Body
Number of Daughter Cells
Change in Chromosome
Number
Number of Phases
Number of Cell Divisions
Difference in DNA
Between Parent Cell and
Daughter Cells
9. How is synapsis important to homologous chromosomes in meiosis?
10. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
Meiosis
11. How many chromosomes are in a normal human cell?
12. What is a karyotype? Observe the diagram. What can be determined by
looking at a Karyotype? How is correct karyotype notation recorded?
_____, ______________, ____________________
(#) sex chromosomes, normal or abnormal interpretation
13. How can you tell the difference between a male and female karyotype?
14. What do the terms monosomy and trisomy mean?
Record correct karyotype notation for:
female with missing X chromsome:__________________________
Male with extra 21 chromosome: ___________________________
5B Mendelian Genetics
1. What is the study of Genetics?
2. Where are genes located in a cell?
3. What is the difference between a recessive and dominant trait?
4. Compare and contrast the terms genotype and phenotype.
5. What do the terms homozygous and heterozygous represent? Give an example.
6. What are the steps to using a Punnett square?
7. Practice this Punnett square problem: Cross a heterozygous Brown hair (Bb) with a
homozygous white haired (bb)
Genotype:
Phenotype:
8. Crossed Eyes is a dominant trait (C). Cross a homozygous dominant female with a homozygous
recessive male. Then determine the percentage of each genotype and phenotype of their offspring.
Genotype: ___________________ Phenotype: _____________
9. Furry feet are recessive (f). Cross a homozygous recessive female with a homozygous dominant
male. Then determine the percentage of each genotype and phenotype of their offspring.
10. Two Trait Cross Rabbits:
Fur Color
Fur Type
Dominant
Black (B)
Fluffy (F)
Recessive
White (b)
Wirey (f)
Complete the following cross: Heterozygous Black Wirey Female X Homozygous Black White Male
11. How are family histories (pedigrees) drawn? What does each symbol mean?
12. Describe the pedigree below. What inheritance pattern is illustrated in the pedigree below?
Label the genotypes that you know.
13. What are the three common types of human genetics inheritance patterns? How does the risk of
the genetic disorder vary to offspring with each type?
14. How are genetic disorders different from infectious
disorders?
Unit 6: DNA/RNA
1. Label the following terms on the diagram to the right: nucleotide, phosphate, nitrogen base and
deoxyribose sugar.
2. How do nucleotides form the double helix?
3. How does base pairing work?
A bonds with
C bonds with
4. What type of weak bond is formed between the bases that form
DNA?
5. Using the diagram below to model and describe DNA
replication.
6. What are the three types of RNA and their functions?
7. Using the diagram to the
right highlight and add to
the description of the major
events in DNA
transcription and
translation.
8. Transcription/Translation
Table: Fill in the following
table, use the chart to determine the amino acid from the codon.
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
Amino Acid
Code
Codon
Anticodon
1st 3 Letters
Only
GAG
CUC
UCC
GAG
Leu
GAC
UCC
GGU
UUU
GCG
TTC
9. Original DNA Sequence: T A C
T T C
A T G
A C T
mRNA:____________________________________________
tRNA :
amino acids:
10. DNA/RNA Compare and Contrast Table
DNA
RNA
# of Strands
Type of Sugar
4 Bases
Size of Molecule
# of Molecules
11. Explain the difference between the following DNA mutations:
silent
missense
nonsense
frameshift
12. What are genetically modified foods? Give a clear definition and fill-out the chart below.
Advantages/benefits
Unit 7: Evolution
Disadvantages/risks
1. Who was Charles Darwin? Where did he travel? What mode of transportation did he use?
2. What does Natural Selection "survival of the fittest" mean?
3. How are adaptations (example bird beaks) related to the survival of the fittest?
4. How do butterflies use mimicry, warning coloration and camouflage as survival strategies?
5. What is the difference between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium?
6. How does evolution sometimes lead to the formation of a new species?
7. Explain the difference between directional, stabilizing and disruptive selection and give an example
of each.
8. What is the difference between adaptive radiation or divergent evolution vs. convergent evolution?
9. What are some different types of fossils?
10. Explain the steps of fossilization (the formation of a fossil) in sedimentary rock.
11. What is radioactive dating vs. relative dating?
12.What are vestigial and homologous structures? Provide example for each.