Download Chapter 3 Review Questions

Chapter 2 Review Sheet
Name:_______________________
1. DNA and RNA are examples of _________________.
2. Carbohydrates and lipids both contain the elements ______________, _____________, and
_________________.
3. Proteins are made of ___________________
4. ______________ are made of nucleotides.
5. Examples of lipids include ___________________________.
6. Sugars and starches are examples of _____________________.
7. Muscle, skin, and enzymes are examples of ______________.
8. Nucleic acids are important because they contain your ________________.
9. _________________ build living tissue and help in chemical reactions.
10. ________________ are a source of long-term stored energy.
11. Organic molecules that have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements
are called ___________.
12. Carbohydrates are important because they _____________________.
13. Meat, eggs, soy, and beans contain ___________________.
14. Fruits, vegetables, cereal, and pasta contain ______________________.
15. Lipids could be found in these foods: _____________________________.
16. Amino acids are linked by ___________________.
17. The ________ group attached to an amino acid determines what kind of amino acid is
present of the 20.
18. ______________ and _______________ functional groups are contained within an amino
acid.
19. The carbonyl functional group when located on the end of the compound is called
_______________.
20. Proteins will not function properly if they have the wrong ____________.
21. A _________________ is made of proteins and catalyzes reactions
22. Monomers are linked together by the process of _________________________.
23. Polymers are broken apart by the process of ___________________.
24. The monomer of a nucleic acid is called a ___________________________.
25. The three parts that make up a nucleotide include ____________________,
_______________ and ___________________.
26. Carbon can bond with so many other things because it has ________ valence electrons.
27. Briefly describe each level of structure that results in a 3-dimensional protein
28. Draw an amino acid and label the three main parts that comprise the amino acid.
29. Explain why people are lactose intolerant. Be sure to include lactose, lactase, and
disaccharide in your response.
30. Differentiate between starch, glycogen and cellulose.
31. Look at the images below. Label the following: monosaccharide, disaccharide,
polysaccharide, amino acid, nucleotide, saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid,
polyunsaturated fatty acid, and triglyceride (fat).
Keystone Practice Questions:
1. Which statement correctly describes how carbon’s ability to form four bonds makes it
uniquely suited to form macromolecules?
A. It forms short, simple carbon chains.
B. It forms large, complex, diverse molecules.
C. It forms covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.
D. It forms covalent bonds that can exist in a single plane.
2. What reaction or process forms a polymer from 2 monomers?
A. glycolysis
B. hydrolysis
C. photosynthesis
D. dehydration synthesis
3. Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of macromolecules. Which functional
characteristic of proteins distinguishes them from carbohydrates?
A. large amount of stored information
B. ability to catalyze biochemical reactions
C. efficient storage of usable chemical energy
D. tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic
4. Substance A is converted to substance B in a metabolic reaction. Which statement best
describes the role of an enzyme during this reaction?
A. It adjusts the pH of the reaction medium.
B. It provides energy to carry out the reaction.
C. It dissolves substance A in the reaction medium.
D. It speeds up the reaction without being consumed.
5. A scientist observes that, when the pH of the environment surrounding an enzyme is
changed, the rate the enzyme catalyzes a reaction greatly decreases. Which statement best
describes how a change in pH can affect an enzyme?
A. A pH change can cause the enzyme to change its shape.
B. A pH change can remove energy necessary to activate an enzyme.
C. A pH change can add new molecules to the structure of the enzyme.
D. A pH change can cause an enzyme to react with a different substrate.
6. Whenever biological organic compounds, such as proteins and carbohydrates, are broken
down or synthesized...
a. a phase change of matter results.
b. thermal expansion occurs.
c. sunlight is required.
d. energy is absorbed or released.
7. Why does an enzyme function as a catalyst in a reaction?
a. It creates the right pH needed for the reaction.
b. It decreases the amount of energy needed for the reaction.
c. It provides the extra energy needed for the reaction.
d. It maintains the proper temperature needed for the reaction.
Examine the structural formula below.
8. Which of the following macromolecules is best represented by this formula?
a. nucleic acid
c. protein
b. carbohydrate
d. lipid
Open-ended Question:
9. Proteins are a major part of every living cell and have many different functions within each
cell. Carbohydrates also perform numerous roles in living things.
Part A: Describe the general composition of a protein molecule.
Part B: Describe how the structures of proteins differ from the structures of
carbohydrates.
Part C: Describe how the functions of proteins differ from the functions of
carbohydrates