* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 13-2 Manipulating DNA
Comparative genomic hybridization wikipedia , lookup
Metagenomics wikipedia , lookup
History of biotechnology wikipedia , lookup
Gene prediction wikipedia , lookup
Restriction enzyme wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
Transformation (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Agarose gel electrophoresis wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Chapter 13: Genetic Engineering (13-2) Biologists can now make changes in the DNA code of living organisms = genetic engineering. In the last few decades, molecular biologists have developed a series of tools that allow them to extract, edit, and then reinsert DNA into living organisms. Cell opened break down proteinsDNA is separated DNA is too large to analyze It must be examined by fragments Restriction Enzymes (100+ known) cut the DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides…Only cuts if it matches the sequence precisely This process creates “sticky ends” DNA can be separated and analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Chapter 13: Genetic Engineering (13-2) 1) Mixture of DNA fragments is placed at one end of a porous gel 2) Electric current is run through the gel 3) DNA molecules (-) move toward the (+) 4) Smaller pieces move faster, larger move slower 5) Used to locate and identify a particular genes or used to compare individuals. Knowing the sequence of an organism’s DNA allows researchers to study specific genes, to compare them with the genes of other organisms, and to try to discover the functions of different genes and gene combinations. Fluorescent dyes (4 different colors for each type of nucleotide) attach to fragments of singlestranded DNA. These are placed in a gel Show banding patterns and give the sequence (GATCGAATCGAT…etc) Chapter 13: Genetic Engineering (13-2) It is possible to take a gene from one organism and attach it to the DNA of another organism— recombinant DNA Making many copies of DNA can be done by a technique known as polymerase chain reaction (PCR)