* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download (3.1.1.5a) Nucleic Acids
Western blot wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis wikipedia , lookup
Transformation (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Transcriptional regulation wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Protein–protein interaction wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Silencer (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression wikipedia , lookup
Two-hybrid screening wikipedia , lookup
Protein structure prediction wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Amino acid synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Proteolysis wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Biosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
(3.1.1.5a) Nucleic Acids To understand the importance of nucleic acids, you must first understand the importance of proteins. Proteins have to have a special shape in order to do their job. For example, proteins that serve as enzymes have to have their active site, the groove that the substrate fits in. That shape is determined by the order of the amino acids and the way their side chains cause them to coil up. A cell has to be able to make all of its proteins in just the right amino acid arrangement, for proteins are vital to a cell and if just one amino acid is incorrect, the whole shape of the protein could be affected. Without the proper shape, the protein would not be able to do its job. Nucleic acids are molecules in a cell that store a code. This code helps the cell arrange its amino acids together in the correct order to make its proteins. The two types of nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA and RNA molecules are made of nucleotides. Nucleotides get linked together to made DNA and RNA like amino acids get linked together to make proteins. A nucleotide is made of three parts, a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. In DNA, there are four different types of nitrogen bases. They are called adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. DNA is two strands of nucleotides, hooked together and twisted into a ladder shape called a double helix. The two strands are held together by complementary bases on opposite strands. Thymine has a shape that complements (fits together like a puzzle) adenine. So every nucleotide that has a thymine nitrogen base, has a nucleotide across from it that has adenine as its nitrogen base. Cytosine and guanine are also complementary in shape. RNA is a nucleic acid that is a single strand of nucleotides. Its job is to help use the code in the DNA to make a cell’s proteins. DNA’s role is to store genetic information in the nucleus of a cell. It also allows parents to pass on their genetic information to their offspring. Matching _____ 1. proteins a. molecules that store a code _____ 2. amino acids b. ribonucleic acid _____ 3. nucleic acids c. deoxyribonucleic acid _____ 4. DNA d. building blocks of DNA and RNA _____ 5. RNA e. adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine _____ 6. nucleotides f. building blocks of a protein _____ 7. nitrogen bases g. fit together like a puzzle _____ 8. complementary bases h. molecules built to have a special shape to do _____ 9. double helix their job i. shape of a DNA molecule True or False _____ 1. Proteins have to have a special shape to do their job. _____ 2. The shape of a protein is determined by the order of their nucleotides. _____ 3. The shape of a protein is determined by the order of their amino acids. _____ 4. If the arrangement of amino acids is changed, the shape of a protein may also change. _____ 5. The code in DNA helps the cell arrange its amino acids together in the correct order to make its proteins. _____ 6. The two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA. _____ 7. Amino acids are the building blocks of nucleic acids. _____ 8. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids. _____ 9. A nucleotide is made of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base. _____ 10. There are three different nitrogen bases. _____ 11. Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine are the four different types of nitrogen bases. _____ 12. Thymine is complementary to guanine. _____ 13. Thymine is complementary to adenine. _____ 14. RNA is made of two strands of nucleotides. _____ 15. A double helix is like a twisted ladder. _____ 16. DNA’s shape is a double helix. _____ 17. On a DNA molecule, cytosine would have a guanine across from it. _____ 18. RNA’s job is to store genetic information in the nucleus of a cell. _____ 19. DNA’s job is to allow parents to pass on their genetic information to their offspring. _____ 20. RNA’s job is to help use the code in the DNA to make a cell’s proteins. Completing Sentences proteins DNA adenine thymine nitrogen base amino acids RNA guanine sugar double helix nucleic acids nucleotides cytosine phosphate group 1. The two types of nucleic acids are _____________ and _______________. 2. __________________________ are the building blocks of nucleic acids. 3. Each nucleotide is made of a __________________, a _________________________ and a _____________________________. 4. Two complementary bases are _______________ and ________________________. 5. Two other complementary bases are ____________________ and _______________. 6. The shape of a DNA molecule is called a ____________________________. 7. __________________________ are molecule that help the cell makes its proteins correctly. 8. _______________________ are vital to a cell, and they must be made to have a specific shape to do their job. 9. The shape of a protein is determine by the sequence of its _____________________. Answer the following. 1. Why must the amino acid arrangement be very specific in a protein? 2. What molecules allow a cell to make its proteins with the proper amino acid sequence? 3. What are two types of nucleic acids? 4. What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? 5. What are the three parts of a nucleotide? 6. What are the four types of nitrogen bases? 7. What is the shape of a DNA molecule? 8. How are RNA and DNA different?