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annual number of deaths from tuberculosis (per 1000 people) 24. The graph below shows the number of deaths from tuberculosis in a country. 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 year Invention of vaccine and antibiotics effectively decreased the number of deaths from tuberculosis from 1900 to 1990. a In relation to the use of antibiotics, explain the trend from 1990 to 2000. (3 marks) b Describe how vaccination enhances the immunity to tuberculosis. (5 marks) 25. Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. Chickenpox is an infectious disease caused by a virus called Varicella zoster. The virus mainly affects the skin and the lining of the mouth and throat. After the entry of the virus into the body, there is an incubation period of about 14 to 21 days. Groups of small, red, itchy and fluid-filled spots appear on many parts of the body. After a few days the spots break open and scabs form. It takes 7 to 10 days for recovery. a The virus enters the body through the respiratory tract or digestive tract. Describe the body defence mechanisms at these two sites. b If the spots are scratched, pus may form and the wounds may become painful. Explain why. c (4 marks) (4 marks) Although antibiotics cannot kill viruses effectively, they are sometimes given to children with chickenpox. Suggest one reason for this. (2 marks) 21
