Download PSYC 100 Chapter 13

Chaffee Winter 2013
CHAPTER 13
Personality
CHAPTER 13 OVERVIEW
  Read
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This chapter provides a review to some of the
theoretical perspectives described in the prologue.
It is important to be familiar with these theories
BEFORE we cover psychological disorders and
therapy.
Information from directly from this chapter will not
be on the next exam.
However, you must be savvy of these theories and
able to apply them.
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Chapter 13 in detail.
WHAT IS PERSONALITY?
An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking,
feeling, and acting.
are used to understand, describe, and
interpret our personality patterns.
  Think back to the first few chapters. What are
some broad theoretical perspectives in
psychology?
  Why do we study these perspectives?
  They provide a lens through which we can
interpret psychological phenomena.
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  Theories
RECAP OF THE THEORIES
  Think
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Psychoanalytic
Behaviorist
Humanistic
Cognitive
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back to the prologue – what theories in
psychology do you remember?
  What do you remember of these theories? Look
back to the prologue if necessary.
RECAP OF THE THEORIES
  Psychoanalysis:
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Free Association
Unconscious urges and drives
Psychosexual stages: importance of childhood
Defense mechanisms: repression banishes anxietyarousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from the
unconscious – basis of the other defense mechanisms
  Read
the book’s description of Psychoanalysis in
Chapter 13: Page 554-564
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A theory of psychology that
postulates irrational, unconscious drives and
motives, often originating in childhood, underlie
human behavior
  Freud:
RECAP OF THEORIES
  Behaviorism:
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  Behaviorists
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Pavlov - Classical Conditioning
Skinner - Operant Conditioning
Bandura - Observational learning
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Psychology should be an objective science
Study observable behavior without reference to
mental processes.
RECAP OF THEORIES
Humanistic Psychology:
Emphasizes the growth
potential of healthy individuals
and potential for personal
growth.
  Key individuals:
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Maslow: Self-actualization
Carl Rogers: Unconditional
Positive Regard
Seligman: Positive Psychology –
Read about this in the text, page
581
Read the book’s description of
the humanistic perspective –
page 564-567
RECAP OF THEORIES
  Cognitive
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Psychology:
Emphasizes the role of human cognition
Cognition: all the mental activities associated with
thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Piaget
Cognitive
neuroscience:
interdisciplinary
study of the brain
activity linked with
cognition
RECAP OF THEORIES
  Modern
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perspectives: Eclectic
  Cognitive-behaviorists
  Sociocultural theory
  Biopsychosocial approach: An integrated
approach, used commonly in psychology, that
integrates the biological, psychological, and
social-cultural levels of analysis
TRAIT PERSPECTIVE
  How
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do psychologists use traits to describe
personality?
  Read the discussion of the trait perspective: page
567-576
EXPLORING THE SELF
  Examine
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the benefits of self-esteem
  What is self-serving bias?
  Read pages 584-589