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Chemistry 256 Exam 2-50 pts (3/23/16) 1. (2 pts) What molecule(s) are/is instrumental in transferring the amino group from amino acids to the Urea cycle? a. Glucose @ Pryidoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) c. ATP @} a- ketoglutarate e. Glutamine (2 pts) What organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes that breakdown proteins within a cell? 2. a. Aminotransferease ®Lysosome c. Protease d. Mitochondria e. Dehydrogenase 3· (8 pts) The 6 events listed below occur during photosynthesis. List the order of events (#1 first-#6last) · _2.__ An Electron is extracted from water and 02 is produced _Y_ NADPH is produced _ _ Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight in the PS II complex 3 A proton gradient is produced across the thylakoid membrane _S_ C02 is 'Fixed' in the Calvin cycle h GAP is produced 4. (2 pts) Circle all that are true about the protein ubiquitin; a. Is a catalyst in protein biosynthesis @ 'Marks' proteins for degradation c. Is active only at pH 5 and below @> Involves a thioester formation with a 'conjugating enzyme'. e. It transfers an amino group to Urea. 5. (3 pts) What is the fate of the amino acid alanine (below) when it is degraded? 0 II H2N-CH-· C-OH I CH3 G) b. ~~ \£.1 d. e. The NH3 group is incorporated into the Urea molecule o • The NH3 group is converted to N2 II,, e The carbon skeleton is converted to Pyruvate cr•3 - c:. ~e-2> The carbon skeleton is converted to Urea The carbon skeleton is converted to Acetone 6. (6 pts) For the places/events listed below, state whether it is associated with photosystem I, photosystem II or both. __f_s_.n:__ The Oxygen Evolving Center __t'_S_l. __NADPH production _?_s_JL_ _Proton gradient generation J _f_s_1I. _ _.ATP synthesis _"6_c:._~~_ _.Absorption of a photon to an excited state _s_b*' ___Cytochrome b6f complex 7. (2 pts) In which part of the chloroplast do the 'light reactions' take place? @ Thylakoid membrane b. c. d. e. Stroma Outer membrane Inner membrane Chloroplast center Hub 8. a (5 pts) Fill in the missing reactant and product of the transamination reaction below. Reactant ~I(/o- + HOCH{"'" +Product 0 ~ ~~3. \ g ~0 tt-\"1- --c.~ '1(0 b ( S e.r •1'\A.") b. (2 pts) The PLP is an important cofactor in the reaction above. Circle the compound below that is ·PLP. H PO PO PO c. (2 pts) Describe the role of the PLP co-factor in the aminotransferase reaction? e.a"(-f\~l ~ N~~ e~ N&-v\ +~ A~ ~"'... tv ..Vls-~~ fil'\lo,.-p,.r~-&r- rf I~ .J.,.. ~ luhslv~YA-bz d. (3 pts) Draw the structure ofPLP after 'stage 1' of the 2 stage process of transamination. "' L 1""o.\ec.. ~ -tf-..., +k A-A 3 .,."'\'\~ ®o~o" ~~()\) )\ 9. (2 pts) What statement(s) are true regarding Nitrogen Fixation (circle all that are true): a. Nitrogen fixing occurs during photosynthesis ¢> @ Nitrogen fixation is energetically costly _,.1.\c;.. s ' @ Is the conversion of Nitrogen Gas (N2) to Ammonia (NH 3) d. Occurs in the Calvin cycle @ Is essential for amino acid production in plants. a. (2 pts) What are the 2 major products of the photosynthetic reaction centers PSI and PSII? 10. b. (2 ~ pts) What process do these 2 products feed into? Nitrogen fixing 1 (]1 Calvin cycle - 'D"'r'L Qtac.-h£'1')~ 1 c) Urea cycle d) Electron Transport chain e) Citric acid cycle pts) A product of the 'dark reactions' is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP). What are the final products that GAP will go onto produce? 11. (2 GAf _... c""~ l::.bh~c:l~l.u /s"J"'r!> 12. PAH is an enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of Phenylalanine to tyrosine 0 OH OH PAH HO Tyrosine Phenylalanine a. (2 pts) Circle what is true below considering that Insulin inhibits the activity of PAH while glucagon stimulatesJthe activity of the enzyme. IS ().t.h'-''- \., PAH is phosphorylated in the presence of glucagon PAH is deactivated in the presence of insulin Glucagon will promote phenylalanine degradation to form gluconeogenesis products. d) Glucagon will promote phenylalanine degradation to form Fatty acid products. b. (3 pts ) Phenylketorurea (PKU) is a disease where there is a deficiency of the enzyme PAH that converts phenylalanine to Tyrosine. When phenylalanine cannot be converted to Tyrosine what is its fate (show the reaction)?