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Transcript
Welcome to Immunology
Bahman 1387
Introduction to Immunology
A Smallpox Victim

Why Should you study immunology?


A. It is very exciting
B. It will be your partner for your
entire professional life

Pharmaceuticals drugs can be
considered a partner to you— not
replacement for-- the immune
system
OBJECTIVES IN IMMUNOLGY


Identify the major principles
of the human immune response
Introduce the main forms of
immune response. What they
are and how do they relate to
one another ?
FUNCTIONS OF THE
IMMUNE SYSTEM
Defense against infections
 Recognition and protective
response to newly introduced
substances such as proteins and to
tissue grafts
 Defense against tumors
 Preservation of genetic integrity of
the individual

What do you want in an immune
response?

Defend our body against any foreign Invader

This could be done usually by 2 ways
Innate Immunity
 Adaptive Immunity

Cooperation!


Integration of innate and
adaptive immunity to form a
more effective defense system
The innate and adaptive immune
responses work together
Overview of key characteristics of
innate vs acquired immunity
Innate
Adaptive
specificity
No
yes
Self non-self discrimination
No
yes
Memory
Not
Yes
Specialization
Not Specialized
Specialized
Second response
as first
more vigorous than first
Speed to develop
Quick
latent
Cellular components
Humoral components
Phagocytic cells
NK cells (natural killer)
Complement
Acute phase proteins
Lymphocytes Tcells & B cells
Antibodies
What are the key characteristics of an
effective defense system?







Self non-self discrimination
Specificity
A way of amplifying selectively particular immune
responses
Diversification: converting one response into multiple
types
Turning responses off so that they don’t get out of
control
Memory
The ability to respond to a changing environment by
inventing new Ag receptors
2- ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

What are the main elements of the
Immune system and their
characteristics


What are, and how do we identify, the
key cells of the immune response?
Anatomy of primary and secondary
lymphoid organs—how do they get
around?
‫‪‬‬
‫سلولها و اعضای لنفاوی‬




Antigen: (Ag) something that
stimulates an immune response
~ 10 amino acids long.
Can be any molecule: Even your
own
Body structures
‫آنتی ژن‬
Haptenic determinants
Native determinants


Antibody (Ab): a family
of defensive proteins your body
makes when it is stimulated by
Ag.
Ab contains a receptor that
specifically binds one Ag and not
another. Example : IgG
‫آنتی بادی‬
‫واکنش های آنتی ژن و آنتی بادی‬
Ab excess
Ag excess
Equivalence – Lattice formation
‫پاسخ هاي ایمنی ذاتی و التهاب‬
‫بلوغ لنفوسیت های ‪ B‬و ایمنی هومورال‬
‫کمپلمان‬
‫ایمونوهماتولوژی‬
‫سیستم سازگاری نسجی )‪( MHC‬‬
‫ایمنی سلولی‬
‫سایتوکاین ها‬
‫امتحان میان ترم‪:‬‬
‫‪ 10‬نمره از ‪20‬‬
‫ازدیاد حساسیت ها‪I‬‬
II‫ازدیاد حساسیت ها‬
Maybe due to either TH1 or CTL mediated hypersensitivity
‫تولرانس و خودايمني‬
‫پاسخ هاي ايمني علیه تومورها و سرطان‬
‫ایمنی مخاطی‬
‫ایمونولوژی بیماریهای عفونی‬
‫ایمونوفارماکولوژی‬
‫واکسن‬
Discovery of small pox vaccine
‫ایمونولوژی‬
‫پیوند‬
‫واكسن ها‬
Discovery of small pox vaccine
Immunoregulation
The ability of the immune
system
to
sense
and
regulate its own responses
is called immunoregulation.
II‫ایمونوفارماکولوژی‬
‫واکسن‬
Discovery of small pox vaccine
‫توليد فراورده ها در ايمونولوژي‬
‫در پایان این دوره باید ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫مفاهیم اساسی در ایمونولوژی را بخوبی تعریف کنید‬
‫مکانیسم های تولرانس و خودایمنی را توضیح دهید‬
‫مکانیسم های دفاع بدن در مقابل عوامل عفونی را شرح دهید‬
‫مکانیسم های دفاع بدن در مقابله با سرطانها را توضیح دهید‬
‫مکانیسم های رد پیوند را شرح دهید‬
‫بیماریهای نقص ایمنی را بشناسید‬
‫بتوانید ارتباط منطقی بین آموخته های این دوره و دانسته های قبلی‬
‫خود برقرار کنید‬
‫کاربرد ایمونولوژی را در پیشگیری‪ ،‬تشخیص و درمان بیماریها بطور‬
‫کامل بیان کنید‬
‫قادر باشید در آینده و هرگاه نیاز داشته باشید به منابع این درس‬
‫مراجعه کرده و مستقال جواب سئواالت خود را بیابید‬
‫‪10+10=20‬‬
‫امتحان آخر ترم‬
‫‪10‬نمره از ‪20‬‬