Detectable levels of interleukin-18 in uterine luminal secretions at
... depends on a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying its success or failure. Because of the low implantation rate after IVF and embryo transfer (IVF-ET), multiple embryos are usually transferred simultaneously to increase the likelihood of obtaining a pregnancy. This practice unfortunately ...
... depends on a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying its success or failure. Because of the low implantation rate after IVF and embryo transfer (IVF-ET), multiple embryos are usually transferred simultaneously to increase the likelihood of obtaining a pregnancy. This practice unfortunately ...
Materials and methods
... control (Clement et al., 2011). HSC70.1 over-expression lines and a sgt1b mutant have delayed ...
... control (Clement et al., 2011). HSC70.1 over-expression lines and a sgt1b mutant have delayed ...
Transactivation and signaling functions of Tat are not correlated
... high levels of genetic variation based on which the viral strains are classified into several distinct subtypes designated A through J [1]. Distribution of viral subtypes across the globe is non-uniform. Additionally, epidemic outbreaks due to recombinant forms of the viruses are also increasingly b ...
... high levels of genetic variation based on which the viral strains are classified into several distinct subtypes designated A through J [1]. Distribution of viral subtypes across the globe is non-uniform. Additionally, epidemic outbreaks due to recombinant forms of the viruses are also increasingly b ...
Angiogenesis PCR Array
... The Human Apoptosis RT² Profiler PCR Array 384HT profiles the expression of 370 key genes involved in apoptosis, or programmed cell death. The array includes the TNF ligands and their receptors; members of the bcl-2 family, BIRC (baculoviral IAP repeat) domain proteins, CARD domain (caspase recruitm ...
... The Human Apoptosis RT² Profiler PCR Array 384HT profiles the expression of 370 key genes involved in apoptosis, or programmed cell death. The array includes the TNF ligands and their receptors; members of the bcl-2 family, BIRC (baculoviral IAP repeat) domain proteins, CARD domain (caspase recruitm ...
EndoS and SpeB from Streptococcus pyogenes
... due to impaired IgG binding to FcR on leukocytes, rEndoStreated IgG was analyzed for binding to promonocytic U937 cells. Flow cytometry with FITC-labeled rabbit F(ab⬘)2 directed against human IgG was used to detect IgG binding to the cells. Three separate experiments revealed that 81.8% ⫾ 2% of the ...
... due to impaired IgG binding to FcR on leukocytes, rEndoStreated IgG was analyzed for binding to promonocytic U937 cells. Flow cytometry with FITC-labeled rabbit F(ab⬘)2 directed against human IgG was used to detect IgG binding to the cells. Three separate experiments revealed that 81.8% ⫾ 2% of the ...
Characterisation and co-expression of the two outer serotype 3
... outer capsid consists of two major outer capsid proteins, VP2 and VP5. VP2 has been shown to carry neutralising serotype specific epitopes. The VP2 protein is therefore a candidate for the development of subunit vaccine, a possible alternative to the available live attenuated virus vaccine used pres ...
... outer capsid consists of two major outer capsid proteins, VP2 and VP5. VP2 has been shown to carry neutralising serotype specific epitopes. The VP2 protein is therefore a candidate for the development of subunit vaccine, a possible alternative to the available live attenuated virus vaccine used pres ...
Venom Proteins from Parasitoid Wasps and Their Biological Functions
... paralysis [19], cytotoxicity [47], and inactivation of hemocytes [22,47]. In Leptopilina boulardi, that parasitizes Drosophila species, venom is essential to suppress the encapsulation response [24]. The major protein involved is a RhoGAP (Rac GTPase Activating protein) that affects the spreading an ...
... paralysis [19], cytotoxicity [47], and inactivation of hemocytes [22,47]. In Leptopilina boulardi, that parasitizes Drosophila species, venom is essential to suppress the encapsulation response [24]. The major protein involved is a RhoGAP (Rac GTPase Activating protein) that affects the spreading an ...
Clever tricks EBV employed to modulate innate immunity during
... for which gH-gL and gB are required. For infection of epithelial cells, gp42 is not required and it has been shown that soluble gp42 inhibits fusion of EBV lacking gp42 with epithelial cells9. The requirement of gp42 to infect B cells and the absence of gp42 to infect epithelial cells suggests a rol ...
... for which gH-gL and gB are required. For infection of epithelial cells, gp42 is not required and it has been shown that soluble gp42 inhibits fusion of EBV lacking gp42 with epithelial cells9. The requirement of gp42 to infect B cells and the absence of gp42 to infect epithelial cells suggests a rol ...
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNF-a)
... Figure 2 TNFR1 signaling pathways. TNF binding to TNFR1 mediates the translocation of TNFR1 to lipid rafts, where it recruits the adaptor proteins TRADD, RIP1, and TRAF2, which can activate the NF-kB pathway via an I-kB kinase complex composed of I-kB kinase-a, I-kB kinase-b, and I-kB kinase-g (NEMO ...
... Figure 2 TNFR1 signaling pathways. TNF binding to TNFR1 mediates the translocation of TNFR1 to lipid rafts, where it recruits the adaptor proteins TRADD, RIP1, and TRAF2, which can activate the NF-kB pathway via an I-kB kinase complex composed of I-kB kinase-a, I-kB kinase-b, and I-kB kinase-g (NEMO ...
Thiol-Reactive Metal Compounds Inhibit NF
... for the overexpression of TNF in rheumatoid joints and RA disease activity. Blockade of NF-B activation by adenoviral transfer of IB␣ suppressed expression of TNF in cultured synoviocytes (8), and intraarticular injection of an oligodeoxynucleotide-containing B-binding sequence (NF-B decoy) inhi ...
... for the overexpression of TNF in rheumatoid joints and RA disease activity. Blockade of NF-B activation by adenoviral transfer of IB␣ suppressed expression of TNF in cultured synoviocytes (8), and intraarticular injection of an oligodeoxynucleotide-containing B-binding sequence (NF-B decoy) inhi ...
TRIM27 Negatively Regulates NOD2 by Ubiquitination and Proteasomal Degradation
... NOD2, the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing gene family (NLR) member 2 is involved in mediating antimicrobial responses. Dysfunctional NOD2 activity can lead to severe inflammatory disorders, but the regulation of NOD2 is still poorly understood. Recently, proteins of the ...
... NOD2, the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing gene family (NLR) member 2 is involved in mediating antimicrobial responses. Dysfunctional NOD2 activity can lead to severe inflammatory disorders, but the regulation of NOD2 is still poorly understood. Recently, proteins of the ...
Host Pathogen Interactions: Is Arabidopsis thaliana
... PRRs lack a variable region, and therefore, cannot recognize multiple MAMPs. The genes that produce PRRs do not undergo genetic recombination and are, therefore, fixed. Thus, PRRs are restricted to recognition of one particular MAMP. It should be noted that the MAMP recognition system that utilizes ...
... PRRs lack a variable region, and therefore, cannot recognize multiple MAMPs. The genes that produce PRRs do not undergo genetic recombination and are, therefore, fixed. Thus, PRRs are restricted to recognition of one particular MAMP. It should be noted that the MAMP recognition system that utilizes ...
Relation Between HLA-G Gene Null Allele (HLA
... HLA-G, like other class I genes, has 8 exons: exon 1 encodes a signal peptide, exons 2, 3, and 4, encode extracellular globular domains (α1, α2 and α3 domains, respectively), exon 5 encodes membrane-anchored domain and exons 6 and 7 encode one intracytoplasmic domain (16). α1 and α2 domains create t ...
... HLA-G, like other class I genes, has 8 exons: exon 1 encodes a signal peptide, exons 2, 3, and 4, encode extracellular globular domains (α1, α2 and α3 domains, respectively), exon 5 encodes membrane-anchored domain and exons 6 and 7 encode one intracytoplasmic domain (16). α1 and α2 domains create t ...
Vaccinia virus protein A46R targets multiple Toll-like
... A46R targets the TLR4 receptor complex The effect of A46R on TLR4 signaling was examined in greater detail. A chimeric form of TLR4, comprising the murine CD4 extracellular domain fused to the cytoplasmic domain of human TLR4, which renders TLR4 constitutively active (37), was used. Overexpression o ...
... A46R targets the TLR4 receptor complex The effect of A46R on TLR4 signaling was examined in greater detail. A chimeric form of TLR4, comprising the murine CD4 extracellular domain fused to the cytoplasmic domain of human TLR4, which renders TLR4 constitutively active (37), was used. Overexpression o ...
Monotreme Lactation Protein Is Highly Expressed
... period, altricial hatchlings are nourished over a long lactation period with milk secreted by nipple-less mammary patches located on the female’s abdomen. Milk is the sole source of nutrition and immune protection for the developing young until weaning. Using transcriptome and mass spectrometry anal ...
... period, altricial hatchlings are nourished over a long lactation period with milk secreted by nipple-less mammary patches located on the female’s abdomen. Milk is the sole source of nutrition and immune protection for the developing young until weaning. Using transcriptome and mass spectrometry anal ...
Sperm competition and sperm cooperation: the potential role of
... fertilisation success. The partitioning of function among sibling sperm entails four non-exclusive scenarios which lead to fundamentally different outcomes: (i) different tasks may be randomly distributed among sibling sperm and every sperm may play any of the roles or (ii) sibling sperm differentia ...
... fertilisation success. The partitioning of function among sibling sperm entails four non-exclusive scenarios which lead to fundamentally different outcomes: (i) different tasks may be randomly distributed among sibling sperm and every sperm may play any of the roles or (ii) sibling sperm differentia ...
Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti – Bhopal Region.
... Fertilization & Implantation: Fertilization is the process of fusion of a sperm with an ovum, which takes place at ampulla-isthmus junction. Only one sperm can fertilize one ovum because when sperms contacts zona pellucida of ovum, membrane undergoes changes to avoid entry of another sperm. Enzymes ...
... Fertilization & Implantation: Fertilization is the process of fusion of a sperm with an ovum, which takes place at ampulla-isthmus junction. Only one sperm can fertilize one ovum because when sperms contacts zona pellucida of ovum, membrane undergoes changes to avoid entry of another sperm. Enzymes ...
PhD thesis MAP Kinase 4 substrates and plant innate immunity
... ideas. Lastly, thank you Tine for bear with me the numerous times when I’ve told you that that I’m almost on my way home and end up staying two hours extra in the lab. ...
... ideas. Lastly, thank you Tine for bear with me the numerous times when I’ve told you that that I’m almost on my way home and end up staying two hours extra in the lab. ...
STP-A11, an oncoprotein of Herpesvirus saimiri augments
... a potential binding motif for TRAF6 10PQENDE 15, which prompted us to investigate the interaction of STP-A11 with TRAF6. To this end, we constructed a GST fusion protein GST- TM-A11(C-terminal transmembrane deletion), and purified GST and the GST- TM-A11 protein from E. coli, and mixed them with cel ...
... a potential binding motif for TRAF6 10PQENDE 15, which prompted us to investigate the interaction of STP-A11 with TRAF6. To this end, we constructed a GST fusion protein GST- TM-A11(C-terminal transmembrane deletion), and purified GST and the GST- TM-A11 protein from E. coli, and mixed them with cel ...
Testing the Effect of Changing Heat Shock Protein 90:
... protein folding, and protein degradation. Hsp90 is a phosphoprotein containing two or three covalently bound phosphate molecules per monomer, and the phosphorylation is thought to enhance its function. The monomer of the Hsp90 consists of a conserved 25-kaDa N-terminal domain and a 55-kaDa C-termina ...
... protein folding, and protein degradation. Hsp90 is a phosphoprotein containing two or three covalently bound phosphate molecules per monomer, and the phosphorylation is thought to enhance its function. The monomer of the Hsp90 consists of a conserved 25-kaDa N-terminal domain and a 55-kaDa C-termina ...
Bats, Pesticides and White Nose Syndrome - Bio
... Bats are an indicator species, interacting with many elements of the ecosystem. Mass die-off of bats is not good news, as it could signal deeper troubles. Bats have low reproductive rates, usually one offspring per year. Once a population undergoes mass mortality, recovery is expected to be slow, if ...
... Bats are an indicator species, interacting with many elements of the ecosystem. Mass die-off of bats is not good news, as it could signal deeper troubles. Bats have low reproductive rates, usually one offspring per year. Once a population undergoes mass mortality, recovery is expected to be slow, if ...
C UL1, H
... Members of the Herpesviridae family are classified on the basis of biological criteria such as differences in genome content and organization, host tropism, site of latency and growth kinetics. They are grouped into the following subfamilies α-herpesviruses, βherpesviruses and γ-herpesviruses. These ...
... Members of the Herpesviridae family are classified on the basis of biological criteria such as differences in genome content and organization, host tropism, site of latency and growth kinetics. They are grouped into the following subfamilies α-herpesviruses, βherpesviruses and γ-herpesviruses. These ...
Do all creatures possess an acquired immune system of some sort?
... It has been assumed that the innate sub-system is evolutionarily more ancient, and that variants of this system function in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates [2]. In contrast to innate immunity, acquired immunity has been seen as an evolutionary innovation that is restricted to vertebrates. How ...
... It has been assumed that the innate sub-system is evolutionarily more ancient, and that variants of this system function in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates [2]. In contrast to innate immunity, acquired immunity has been seen as an evolutionary innovation that is restricted to vertebrates. How ...
as a PDF
... Multiple sclerosis is a chronic in¯ammatory disease of the central nervous system, which is associated with selective destruction of myelin sheaths. This leads to the formation of large demyelinated plaques, dispersed throughout the entire brain and spinal cord. Axons in the plaques are relatively s ...
... Multiple sclerosis is a chronic in¯ammatory disease of the central nervous system, which is associated with selective destruction of myelin sheaths. This leads to the formation of large demyelinated plaques, dispersed throughout the entire brain and spinal cord. Axons in the plaques are relatively s ...
Drosophila melanogaster
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Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae. The species is known generally as the common fruit fly or vinegar fly. Starting with Charles W. Woodworth's proposal of the use of this species as a model organism, D. melanogaster continues to be widely used for biological research in studies of genetics, physiology, microbial pathogenesis, and life history evolution. It is typically used because it is an animal species that is easy to care for, has four pairs of chromosomes, breeds quickly, and lays many eggs. D. melanogaster is a common pest in homes, restaurants, and other occupied places where food is served.Flies belonging to the family Tephritidae are also called ""fruit flies"". This can cause confusion, especially in Australia and South Africa, where the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata is an economic pest.