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In 1869, Russia's Dmitri Mendeleev and Germany's Lothar Meyer... QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Meyer Mendeleev published nearly identical classification tables for the 63 elements known at the time... QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Meyer Mendeleev based on recurring chemical and physical properties when elements were arranged... QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Meyer Mendeleev in order of increasing atomic weight. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Meyer Mendeleev Although their observations were identical, Mendeleev is given the credit because he predicted the existence of undiscovered elements and left spaces for them. Mendeleev Mendeleev's table, published in the journal Annalen der Chemie in 1871. Mendeleev is known as the Father of the Periodic Table. And almost no one outside of Germany knows about Meyer. In 1913, Henry Moseley developed the concept of atomic numbers. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Moseley correctly said that the atomic number was equal to the number of protons in the nucleus... QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. AND the number of electrons in the atom. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. When Moseley arranged atoms by their increasing atomic number, the few problems with Mendeleev's table disappeared. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. In 1945, Glenn Seaborg proposed pulling the lanthanide and actinide series out of the main body of elements on the table. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Seaborg Elements on today's periodic table are arranged by increasing atomic number... the lanthanide and actinide series are separated from the main body... f block AND the d block elements... separate the main body elements. s block p block Every element is represented by a single square. Each square contains three things: 1. The chemical symbol for the element. If there are two letters, the first is ALWAYS a capital letter, and the second is ALWAYS a small letter. 1. The chemical symbol for the element. The symbols on some tables indicate the physical state at room temperature. Quic kT i me™ and a T IFF (Unc ompres s ed) dec ompres s or are needed t o s ee thi s pi c ture. Solid Quic kT i me™ and a T IFF (Unc ompres s ed) dec ompres s or are needed t o s ee thi s pi c ture. Quic kT i me™ and a T IFF (Unc ompres s ed) dec ompres s or are needed t o s ee thi s pi c ture. Liquid Gas Quic kT i me™ and a T IFF (Unc ompres s ed) dec ompres s or are needed t o s ee thi s pi c ture. 2. A whole number representing the atomic number. The atomic number is not always in the same place on every periodic table but it is ALWAYS a whole number. 2. A whole number representing the atomic number. The atomic number is defined as the number of protons in the atom. 2. A whole number representing the atomic number. Normal atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons - so, the atomic number is also equal to the electrons in an atom. 2. A whole number representing the atomic number. Chemists can change the number of electrons in an atom, but they can NOT change the number of protons in an atom. 2. A whole number representing the atomic number. Changing the number of protons changes the element into another element - this can only happen in a nuclear reaction. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. 3. A decimal fraction number representing the element's average atomic mass. 3. A decimal fraction number representing the element's average atomic mass. The atomic mass of an element is the sum of its protons and neutrons. Atoms of an element all have the same numbers of protons, but they can have different numbers of neutrons. Hydrogen-1 Hydrogen-2 Hydrogen-3 H 1 1.00794 Atoms of an element all have the same numbers of protons, but they can have different How many numbers of neutrons. neutrons? Hydrogen-1 Hydrogen-2 Hydrogen-3 H 1 1.00794 Atoms of an element all have the same numbers of protons, but they can have different numbers of neutrons. 0 Hydrogen-1 Hydrogen-2 Hydrogen-3 H 1 1.00794 Atoms of an element all have the same numbers of protons, but they can have different numbers of neutrons. How many 1 neutrons? Hydrogen-1 Hydrogen-2 Hydrogen-3 H 1.00794 Atoms of an element all have the same numbers of protons, but they can have different numbers of neutrons. Hydrogen-1 Hydrogen-2 Hydrogen-3 1 H 1 1.00794 Atoms of an element all have the same numbers of protons, but they can have different numbers of neutrons. Hydrogen-1 Hydrogen-2 Hydrogen-3 How many 1 neutrons? H 1.00794 Atoms of an element all have the same numbers of protons, but they can have different numbers of neutrons. Hydrogen-1 Hydrogen-2 Hydrogen-3 2 H 1 1.00794 Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. Hydrogen-1 Hydrogen-2 Hydrogen-3 H 1 1.00794 Which of hydrogen's three isotopes is the most common? Hydrogen-1 Hydrogen-2 Hydrogen-3 H 1 1.00794 Which of hydrogen's three isotopes is the most common? Hydrogen-1 Hydrogen-2 Hydrogen-3 H 1 1.00794 Round off all mass numbers to the nearest WHOLE number. Isotopes More information on the Periodic Table The Nobel Gas Family is chemically inactive. Fluorine is the most active nonmetal Francium is the most active metal The oxidation number of an element indicates the number of electrons gained or lost when forming compounds. Elements with positive oxidation numbers lose electrons. Elements with negative oxidation numbers gain electrons. +1 +2 +1, +2, +3 +3 +4 or -4 -3 -2 -1 Electron energy levels, from 1 to 7 Electron energy sublevels Electron energy sublevel s Electron energy sublevel p Electron energy sublevel d Electron energy sublevel f Each "pair" of boxes in a sublevel indicates an orbital. Vertical columns are Families elements with similar properties. Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals Rare Earth Metals Boron Family Carbon Family Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family Halogen Family Nobel Gas Family QuickTime™ and a Sorenson Video decompressor are needed to see this picture. The Periodic Table - 27 min Size of a Molecule An Electron Configuration shows the exact location of every electron in an atom. With very few exceptions, the electron configuration of an atom can be read directly from the Table.