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Atomic Number and Mass Number: Atomic Number: Number of protons in an atom; This number identifies the element. Mass Number: Number of protons and neutrons in an atom. To determine the mass number, you must round the average atomic mass to the nearest whole number 12 Atomic Number Mg Element Symbol Magnesium Element Name 24.305 Average Atomic Mass Calculating Number of Neutrons: Number of Neutrons = Mass Number – Atomic Number If the atom is neutral, the number of protons and electrons are equal. Example: 12 eMagnesium 12 p+ 12 n Example: Lead 82 e82 p+ 125 n