Download The Policy Development Process - Parliamentary Monitoring Group

The National Climate Change
Response Policy – The
Policy Development Process
10/21/11
Presentation Overview
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The early days 1994 to 2005
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The first national climate change conference, October 2005
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Building the science-policy interface 2005 to 2008 – the LTMS case study
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Cabinet’s 2008 policy directions
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The national climate change response policy conference, March 2009
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The policy development process from 2009 to November 2010
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The Green Paper and the policy finalisation process – Nov 2010 to October 2011
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The early days 1994 to 2005
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The 1st IPCC Assessment Report published in 1990 presented sufficient scientific
evidence of climate change to elicit world wide concern and the negotiation of
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
In 1994, in response to the growing international concerns around climate
change, the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism established the
National Climate Change Committee (NCCC)
The 2nd IPCC Assessment report published in 1995 demonstrated that the actions
outlined in the UNFCCC were insufficient and this motivated the negotiation of
the Kyoto Protocol which was finalised in 1997
In response to the findings of the IPCC’s 2nd Assessment Report and supported by
recommendations from the NCCC, the South African Government ratified the
UNFCCC in August 1997.
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The early days 1994 to 2005 (Continued)
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•
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By 2001, South African researchers had also started taking a serious look at
climate change and its implications.
Arguably, climate change rose up the political agenda when, in 2002 the Heads of
State of over 180 countries met at the World Summit on Sustainable
Development in Johannesburg. In July of 2002 the South African Government
acceded to the Kyoto Protocol.
By 2003, South Africa had concluded its Climate Change “Country Studies” and
1990 and 1994 greenhouse gas inventories and had submitted these in the form
of its Initial National Communication (INC) to the UNFCCC Secretariat. In
compiling and finalising the INC it became clear that South Africa was not only a
potentially significant victim of the negative impacts of climate change, but was
also a significant contributor to greenhouse gases.
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Arabia), would have to start seriously considering its responsibility for
climate change and, that, as a fossil-fuel-powered nation, this would
have important policy implications.
By June 2005 the departments of environment and science and
technology starting organising a unique climate change conference
consisting of two components –
The 1st, starting on a Monday, was a Climate Change Science
conference
involving
topAssessment
South African
anditAfrican
scientists;
•
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real initiation of pragmatic science-policy dialogue
•
By June 2005 the departments of environment and science and technology
starting organising a unique climate change conference consisting of two
components –
•
•
The 1st, starting on a Monday, was a Climate Change Science
conference involving the top South African and African scientists;
The 2nd, starting one day later, was a Climate Change Policy
conference with its programme aligned with, and informed by, the
Climate Change Science conference;
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•
At the time, this concept was regarded as revolutionary and a real
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The 2005 National Climate Change
Conference
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•
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Held in Midrand from17 to 20 October 2005 under the banner of “Climate Action
Now”.
Over 600 representatives from government, business, the scientific and academic
communities, and civil society
Opened by the Deputy President and involving the active participation of 5
Cabinet Ministers and Deputy Ministers, the gathering was broadly considered a
reflection of Government’s commitment and determination to act on climate
change and to shape policy informed by the best-available science.
•
The conference unanimously agreed that climate change was a reality
•
Amongst the many commitments outlined in the “Midrand Plan of Action” –
Initiating a detailed scenario building process to map out how South Africa could
meet its UNFCCC Article 2 commitment to greenhouse gas stabilisation whilst
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ensuring its focus on poverty alleviation and job creation;
•
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The LTMS
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•
•
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In March 2006, Cabinet mandated a national process of building scenarios of
possible greenhouse gas emission futures, informed by the best available research
and information, to define not only South Africa’s position on future
commitments under international treaties, but also to shape the country’s climate
change policy for the longer-term future.
This process became known as the Long-Term Mitigation Scenarios (LTMS)
development process.
Government appointed the Energy Research Centre at the University of Cape
Town to project manage the entire process and they convened and contracted the
process specialists and set up the personnel of four focussed Research Support
Units
The multi-stakeholder Scenario Building Team (SBT) was established in August
2006 to carry out the technical aspects
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The LTMS (Continued)
Government
DEAT Environment
DME Minerals & Energy
DST Science & Technology
DoT Transport
Treasury
Foreign Affairs
DTI Trade & Industry
DPE Public Enterprises
DWAF Water Affairs & Forestry
Presidency
SAWS Weather Service
CEF / SA Nat’l Energy Research
Institute
NERSA Energy Regulator
W Cape Province (DEADP)
City of Johannesburg
Dept of Agriculture
ARC
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Business
Civil society
SASOL
Eskom
EIUG Energy Intensive Users
Group
Engen
Grain SA
Anglo Coal
BHP Billiton
Chamber of Mines
Aluminium – AFSA
Kumba Resources
Chemical – CAIA
Engen
Forestry SA
AgriSA
Business Unity SA
Sappi
Envirotech (Waste)
EcoCity/CURES
Groundwork
SESSA
Labour (COSATU)
SEA
SACAN
COSATU
SALGA
WWF-SA
Earthlife Africa
NEDLAC
The LTMS (Continued)
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On 24 October 2007, after a year of intense work, the initial technical work of the
LTMS was signed off by the SBT at their sixth meeting. This work is reflected in the
following documents:
•
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The “Long-Term Mitigation Scenarios - Strategic options for South
Africa”, a 27 page document that synthesizes the findings of the
technical research into a tool for informed decision-making
The “Long-Term Mitigation Scenarios – Technical Summary”, a 17
page document that provides the technical basis, in abridged form, for
the “Long-Term Mitigation Scenarios - Strategic options for South
Africa” document
The “Long-Term Mitigation Scenarios – Technical Report”, a 153 page
report on the LTMS research. This document is also supported by
technical reports on: Energy emissions; Non-energy emissions; Macroeconomic analysis; and Climate impacts.
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The LTMS (Continued)
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The LTMS (Continued)
Escalating
CO2efficiency
tax
Industrial
Industrial
efficiency
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450
150
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Nuclear,
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Renewables
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Subsidy for renewables
Nuclearextended
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Renewables,
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R 125
RR1892
Biofuel subsidy
Passenger
Synfuels modal
CCS 23shift
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R 697
R 54
-R 1,131
Electric
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GWC grid
SWH
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R 607
-R 208
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The LTMS (Continued)
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The SBT consensus:
•
•
•
•
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“Growth Without Constraints” is an unacceptable trajectory
“Current Development Paths” will not significantly change the
unacceptable “Growth Without Constraints” trajectory
“Required By Science” should be our ‘aspirational’ goal
The LTMS was a broadly supported piece of research with findings that are policy
relevant not policy prescriptive
The LTMS process has been peer-reviewed by international experts and its
methodology is considered robust and has been replicated internationally
During the LTMS process, apart from an accelerated upswing in climate change
related research, another extremely significant policy-related development was
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the ANC’s strong climate change resolution made at its 52nd National Conference
Cabinet’s 2008 Policy Directions
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South Africa’s response to climate change was considered during Cabinet’s July
2008 Lekgotla and Cabinet’s decisions were presented to the public on 28 July
2008
Apart from agreeing a process and timetable for the development of a national
climate change response policy, Cabinet also directed, among others, that
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Climate change mitigation interventions should be informed by, and
monitored and measured against the following “plateau and decline”
emission trajectory –
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Greenhouse gas emissions stop growing (start of plateau) in 202025
Greenhouse gas emissions begin declining in absolute terms (end
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Cabinet’s 2008 Policy Directions (Continue)
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The Socio-economic transition - Transition to climate resilient and low-carbon
economy and society –
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balance our mitigation and adaptation response
In the long-term, redefine our competitive advantage and structurally
transform the economy by shifting from an energy-intensive to a
climate-friendly path as part of a pro-growth, pro-development and projobs strategy
Adapt to the inevitable - Continue to pro-actively build the knowledge base and
our capacity to adapt to the inevitable impacts of climate change, most
importantly by enhancing early warning and disaster reduction systems and in the
roll-out of basic services, infrastructure planning, agriculture, biodiversity, water
resource management and in the health sector
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The 2009 Climate Change Summit
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From 3-6 March 2009, nearly 900 representatives from government,
business, the scientific and academic communities, and civil society and
over 150 “virtual participants” linked through the Internet came together
in Midrand to initiate a consultative process to develop the South African
Climate Change Response Policy.
Areas of consensus –
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Pursue ‘required by Science’
Transition to low carbon economy in the context of equity,
sustainable development and poverty eradication
A strengthened science-policy interface
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Balance adaptation and mitigation – integrate adaptation into
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development planning
The 2009 Climate Change Summit (Continue)
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Areas of consensus (cont.) –
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Energy efficiency standards
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Government coordination and policy alignment
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Price on carbon – mix of instruments requires further work
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Fast track CDM tax incentives
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Massively upscale public awareness
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Gender mainstreaming
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Mobilise resources including for R+D
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Efficiency
From 2009 Summit to the Green Paper
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UNFCCC’s 2009 COP 15 in Copenhagen
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Round Table on 17 May 2010 –
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Provide key climate change response stakeholders with an update on
the National Climate Change Response Policy development process
Provide a platform for key climate change response stakeholders to
respond to, and discuss, the most recent Climate Change Policy
Discussion Document
Draft Green Paper compiled and initial discussions initiated in July 2010
Final Draft Green Paper approved for publication and published in November
2010
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From 2010 Green Paper to 2011 White
Paper
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Following Cabinet’s approval to publish for public comment, the National
Climate Change Response Green Paper was published in the Government
Gazette, departmental web site and in a hard copy version on 27
November 2010.
A Green Paper web site was established to facilitate access to all the
relevant documentation, provide updates on the process and to provide
an electronic means for submitting comments
(www.climateresponse.co.za);
Productive and fruitful public workshops on the Green Paper were held in
each and every province;
A series of focussed stakeholder workshops were held on specific policy
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themes identified during the policy development process including:
From Green Paper to 2011 White Paper
(Continued)
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The department conducted many bilateral engagements and made numerous
policy presentations at various forums, seminars and conferences.
Parliament hosted a public hearing process on the draft policy stretching over
three weeks of stakeholder presentations and robust discussions and debates.
The inputs during this period that raised over 4,000 individual issues on the Green
Paper, were captured in a detailed comment/response database
The department hosted a drafting retreat from 13-15 April 2011, where the
Intergovernmental Committee on Climate Change (IGCCC) members had an
opportunity to review the emerging issues and comments (Rev 1)
Following the drafting retreat, a working draft of the White paper was compiled
(Rev 2), circulated and presented to the IGCCC on 27 and 31 May 2011
respectively and departments were requested to submit comments on the
document by 17 June 2011.
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By 24 June 2011, comments had been received from the departments of: Energy,
From Green Paper to 2011 White Paper
(Continued)
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•
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A drafting team meeting was held on 27 June 2011 to agree on the final proposed
response to the various comments received as well as to propose a policy
finalization process (Rev 3).
A further iteration of the draft White Paper was completed on 21 July 2011 and
received a senior management edit from 25 to 27 July 2011 (Rev 4)
Continued intensive intergovernmental engagements through IGCCC to midSeptember 2011
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High-level (DG to DG and CEO) consultations from August to September 2011.
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Forum of South African Directors-General (FOSAD)
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Presented to FOSAD Social Protection & Community Development
(SP&CD) Cluster on Wednesday 24 August 2011
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Presented to FOSAD Management Committee (MANCO) on Monday 5
From Green Paper to 2011 White Paper
(Continued)
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Cabinet
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Rev 5 tabled in the Cabinet Committee for the Economic Sectors and
Employment and Infrastructure Development (ESEID) for approval to
submit to Cabinet on Wednesday 28 September 2011
Rev 6 tabled and approved by Cabinet on Wednesday 12 October
2011
White Paper to be formally published in a special Gazette on Wednesday 19
October 2011
White Paper launched by the Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs on
Tuesday 18 October 2011
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Thank You
for your kind attention
10/21/11