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Climate Change
LA/CCMA Conference
Joe Crockett
Kilkenny County Council.
4 April 2008
1
Global problem/global solution
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007)
confirms global scientific consensus
that climate change is happening and is
directly related to human generated
greenhouse gas emissions.
Economic consensus (Stern Report)
that the costs of inaction will greatly
exceed the costs of action.
Political momentum now for action.
2
Climate Change Agenda
Key elements:
International agenda;


UNFCCC (1992);
Kyoto Protocol (1997);
 (Commitment period 2008-2012)

IPCC – 4th scientific assessment report (2007).
EU agenda:

European Climate Change Programme.
National agenda:


1st National Climate Change Strategy published 2000.
2nd Strategy (2007-2012) published April 2007.
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National emissions
Relative to 1990 levels:






2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
–
–
–
–
–
–
peaked at approx 27%.
23.8%.
23.5%.
23.6%.
26.5%.
25.5%.
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Kyoto Protocol
Target
5
NCCS Projections to 2020
85
80
Existing measures
Mt CO2e
75
Additional
measures
70
65
Flexible
Mechanisms
60
55
Remaining
Emissions
50
45
40
2005
20082012
2015
2020
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National Policy Framework
National Climate Change Strategy (2000)
Review of NCCS: Ireland’s Pathway to Kyoto
Compliance, July 2006.
Public consultation: Aug-Sept 2006.
Energy White Paper, Bioenergy Action Plan,
National Development Plan.
EU commitments on 2020 targets.
National Climate Change Strategy 2007-2012.
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Objectives of Strategy
Objectives:


to show how Ireland will meet its Kyoto Protocol
commitment in the 2008-2012 period, and
to prepare for more stringent emission reduction
requirements post-2012.
Framework to achieve Kyoto target:


variety of domestic measures to reduce emissions
throughout the economy,
supplemented, as necessary, by the purchase of
carbon allowances.
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Meeting 2008-12 commitment
(Mt CO2 equivalent)
Emissions without any measures
Less Existing measures
Projected emissions after existing measures
Less Kyoto target
Distance to target
Additional measures
Flexible mechanisms (i.e. carbon credits)
Total additional effect
79.829
8.660
71.169
63.032
8.137
4.953
3.607
8.560
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Sources of Emissions in 2005
Waste
3%
Energy
23%
Agriculture
28%
Industry
17%
Residential
10%
Transport
19%
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Measures in key sectors
Energy




15% of electricity consumed to come from renewable
sources by 2010; 33% by 2020.
Extended support for biomass through Bioenergy Action
Plan.
Wind energy critical
ESB Plan published
Transport


More sustainable transport patterns, especially through
Transport 21.
Increased use of biofuels; 5.75% by 2010, 10% by 2020.
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Measures in key sectors (2)
Residential



40% increase in thermal performance from
2008; aiming for 60% by 2010.
Building Energy Ratings.
National Spatial Strategy
Industry, commercial & services sector


Higher energy performance standards for
non-residential buildings and energy
management programmes.
Regulation of industrial gases.
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Measures in key sectors (3)
Agriculture and land-use




Reduction in emissions from national herd
through CAP reform.
Improved manure management.
Support for afforestation.
Support for energy crops; biomass
harvesting scheme.
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Measures in key sectors (4)
Public Sector





Energy efficiency programme with target of
33% reduction in energy use.
Measuring, reporting and reducing
emissions.
Biomass heating in schools.
Use of biofuels in public fleets.
Offsetting emissions from official air travel.
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Cross-sectoral measures
Use of Flexible Mechanisms under Kyoto
Protocol (to purchase carbon credits).
€15 million multi-annual awareness
programme.
Research – cleaner processes/technologies.
Examination of taxation incentives.
Spatial and planning policies.
National strategy on adaptation – Ireland
won’t escape the impacts of climate change.
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Post-2012 agenda
EU policy:


a unilateral commitment to achieve at least
a 20% reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions by 2020, compared to 1990, &
a 30% reduction by 2020, as its
contribution to a global comprehensive
agreement for the period beyond 2012,
subject to participation by other developed
countries and the economically more
advanced developing countries.
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Meetings of the Parties
13th Conference of the Parties to the UN
Framework Convention on Climate change
and 3rd Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto
Protocol in Bali, December 2007.
Milestone in international agenda; formal
negotiations on new treaty to succeed Kyoto
Protocol started this week
EU expectations – agreement on the new
treaty at the meetings of the Parties in
Copenhagen in December 2009.
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EU climate/energy package 2020
EU climate action and renewable energy
package (i.e. 2020 agenda/targets) published
by Commission on 23 January 2008.
Aim: by 2020 

reduce EU greenhouse gases by at least 20%, and
increase renewable energies in total energy
consumption to 20%.
Emissions reduction target to be increased to
30% (by 2020) in context of a new global
agreement to succeed Kyoto Protocol.
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Proposed 2020 targets for Ireland
EU Emissions Trading Scheme (to be
administered by Commission from 2013):

emissions from all EU installations in the scheme
(including 100+ Irish installations) capped at 21%
below 2005 levels by 2020.
Other national emissions:

transport, agriculture, waste, etc. – to be reduced
by 20% compared to 2005; and
Renewable energy – a combined 16% target
for electricity, heat and transport.
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Conclusion 1 of 3
Climate change is one of the greatest threats
facing mankind, and the climate change
agenda is a key cross-cutting policy issue for
Government –central and local
Global greenhouse gas emissions must be
halved by 2050; emissions in developed
countries must be reduced by up to 80%.
Targets for 2020 and beyond will be much
more onerous than Kyoto Protocol targets.
Ireland will not escape the impacts – key is
implementation of responses
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Conclusion 2 of 4
Next steps for LAs
Full Compliance with chapter 9 of NCCS
Reduce emissions
Individual reporting on Emissions Mgt
Individual LA Initiatives – significant
progress – many authorities –
expansion
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Conclusion 3 of 4
Draft National Adaptation Strategy –participation
Local and regional analysis and adaptation
preparatory work critical
Inclusion of elected reps – Councils – SPCs –
Oireachtas members
Suggest Wide Dissemination of Information/
development of joint approaches/ use of participative
structures
CCMA/LAs – continuation/expansion of climate
change process – continuing major focus for future
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Conclusion 4
Multi-agency approach central to
success – close relationship with Govt
Depts and Agencies essential
New partnership/collaborative
structures?
Continued and more intensified
programme of Emissions Mgt and of
Adaptation
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