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Washington’s Growth Management Act and Global Climate Change Eric Laschever Stoel Rives LLP Law Seminars International February 11, 2008 Today’s Presentation – Climate Change Basics – Land Use and Climate Change – Growth Management Act Tools – Selected State and Local Efforts – Discussion Climate Change Basics • Significant increases in CO2 trap heat in atmosphere • Fossil fuels large contributor • Average temperatures have risen and are projected to continue to rise • Wedge theory for achieving reductions – – – – – – – Vehicle efficiency Wind turbines to replace coal Nuclear Decrease car travel Capture and store greenhouse gases Improve energy efficiency in buildings and appliances Increase ethanol output Land Use and Climate Change • Development patterns drive transportation patterns and emissions • A gallon of gasoline produces 20 pounds of greenhouse gas • Transportation accounts for 1/3 of U.S Carbon Emissions; projected to increase 41% between ’05 and ‘030 • In more compact cities people drive 20-40% less Land Use and Climate Change (ULI Recommendations) • Require regional transportation plans to pass conformity test for CO2 • “Green-Tea” Transportation Legislation • Direct funding to metropolitan planning organizations The GMA and Climate Change Existing Tools • GMA started as a transportation management act • Key provisions – Regional Transportation Planning Organizations – Goals • • • • Urban Growth Reduce Sprawl Transportation Environment – County-wide Planning Policies The GMA and Climate Change Existing Tools (cont.) • Key provisions – Urban Growth Areas – Plan Elements • Land Use • Transportation • Optional Statewide and Local Efforts • “Local Solutions” Proposal – Climate change goal – Carbon budgets and allocation – Using CPPs or other regional planning for regional approaches – Climate Element-phased adoption based on population Local Solutions Proposal (cont.) • Climate element – Plans to reduce emissions to meet specific targets – Evaluation of carbon footprint and plans to mitigate – Enhancing protection for areas that sequester carbon (e.g. forest of long term significance – Enhancing conservation and green construction – TDRs – Plans to address climate related impacts (flooding, etc.) Local Solutions Proposal-Phasing • Phase 1 – Expansion of UGAs, master planned resorts or fully contained communities – Transit Orient Development at stations when transit plans adopted and funded • Phase 2 (starting in 2011) – Planning Counties with population greater than 50,000 – Planning Cities with populations greater than 30,000 • Phase 3 (starting in 2018) – Counties and cities reaching thresholds Local Solutions: Current Version • Adds a goal to the GMA of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to expected impacts of global warming • Directs CTED to provide tool to inventory, measure and estimate land use related greenhouse gas emissions • Creates a competitive grants program available for cities and counties that are already taking action or are interested in beginning to address climate change • Requires a report to the legislature by the end of the year to allow for any necessary policy actions to better implement this GMA goal before the next major update Local initiatives • • • • Snohomish County King County City of Seattle Others Discussion