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National Workshop on NLBI
New Delhi 12 December 2012
Jagdish Kishwan
Chief Advisor, Policy
Wildlife Trust of India
Member, Government of India, Planning Commission Expert Group on
Low Carbon Strategy for Inclusive Growth
Government Nominee as Expert Reviewer for WG3 of AR5 of IPCC
Former Additional Director General (Wildlife), Government of India
Former Director General, Indian Council of Forestry Research and
Education
Former Member, Government of India Core Negotiating Group for
UNFCCC
Role of Forests in
Climate Change
•Mitigation
•Adaptation
Role of Forests in
Climate Change
Adaptation
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Food supplement
Wind break against storms
Reducing severity of floods
Regulating water supply
UNFCCC not considering adaptation aspect of
forests
Forests to be impacted by climate change
Role of Forests in
Climate Change
Mitigation
• How to reduce emissions
– directly
– indirectly
IPCC 4th Assessment Report
Share of different sectors in total anthropogenic
GHG emissions in 2004 in terms of CO2 equivalent
• Energy Supply
• Industry
• Forestry
• Agriculture
• Residential and
25.9%
19.4%
17.4%
13.5%
7.9%
Commercial building
• Waste and Wastewater
2.8%
How to reduce emissions?
How to reduce emissions in Forestry Sector?
•Reduce emissions (save carbon)
–Reducing deforestation and degradation rates (Exmp: REDD)
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Identify drivers- agriculture, fuelwood/timber extraction, grazing
•Increase removals (add carbon)
–Conservation, sustainable management of forests, increase
in forest cover/A&R (Exmp: CDM A/R, REDD+)
–Wood products management
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Replacement of cement concrete with lumber in house construction
Replacement of metal furniture with wooden furniture
COP Decisions REDD+
• Cancun (COP 16)
– 5 REDD+ activities defined
– RELs/RLs agreed as benchmarks
– 3 progressives phases of
implementation- preparatory,
demonstration, results-based actions
– Safeguards for rights of IPs/LCs and
against conversion of natural forests
– No agreement on financing options
COP Decisions REDD+
• Durban (COP 17)
– Safeguards for rights of IPs/LCs and
natural forests agreed
– Agreement on construction of RELs/RLs
– National Forest Monitoring Systems and
MRV to be discussed and agreed by COP
18
– Agreement to work on financial options
including public, private, market, nonmarket, fund-based mechanisms
COP Decisions REDD+
• Doha (COP 18) SBSTA
– Seeks submissions by 25 March 2013 on
following for decision in COP 19
» Technical assessment of forest REL/RL
original or updated
» Issues related to co-benefits resulting
from REDD+ implementation
» National forest monitoring systems and
MRV for multiple functions of forests
supported by non-market mechanism
COP Decisions REDD+
• Doha (COP 18) SBSTA
……contd
– To resume in next SBSTA discussions on
following for decision in COP 19
»
»
»
Timing and frequency of submission of
information under SIS
Further guidance to ensure transparency,
consistency, comprehensiveness and
effectiveness of summary of information on
how safeguards addressed and respected
Issues relating to drivers of deforestation and
forest degradation
COP Decisions REDD+
• Doha (COP 18) LCA
–
COP President to appoint 2 cochairs to initiate work
programme on results-based finance in 2013
through 2 workshops
– Cochairs to report on workshops to COP 19
– Seeks submissions by 25 March 2013 on following
for consideration in COP 19
» Technical and financial support for REDD+
implementation
» Joint session of SBSTA and SBI to recommend
body/board/committee for administering
REDD+
REDD+ ImplementationOverriding Principles, India
 Participation and rights of local
communities most important
 All ecosystem services equally
important
 Carbon service one such
ecosystem service
REDD+ ImplementationChallenges, India
 Policy
 Institutional
 Technical
REDD+ ImplementationChallenges, India
Policy
 Safeguarding rights of local communities
 Clarify role of private sector
 Responsibility sharing
 Centre + States + Community
 Benefit sharing
 Government and Community
REDD+ ImplementationChallenges, India
Institutional
 Whose responsibility at national and
state level?
 How to ensure coordination between
national and state level?
 Accounting agency?
REDD+ ImplementationChallenges, India
Technical
 Fixing of reference level for REDD+ accounting
 Modalities of REDD+ accounting
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Guidelines
Modalities
Rules
Procedures
 Capacity building
Strategy for REDD+ ImplementationIndia
Policy
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Safeguard legal and traditional rights of local communities (examplesJFM, CFM, FRA)
Role of private sector limited to private lands
No specific changes in FM for REDD+
REDD+ incentives- bonus in addition to traditional goods and services
to local community from forests
Centre to provide guidance for REDD+ implementation, disbursement
of incentives
States to organize estimation of forest carbon stocks
Participation of local community in assessment and monitoring of
forest C stocks
Policy statement endorsing 100% share of REDD+ from government
forests to local community and no involvement of private companies
Strategy for REDD+
Implementation- India
Institutional
 REDD+ Cell in MoEF
 REDD+ NCA- National Coordination
Authority
 REDD+ SNA- State Nodal Authority
 FSI to handle responsibility of preparation
of national forest carbon stocks accounts
Strategy for REDD+
Implementation- India
Technical
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Consortium of technical organizations (FSI, ICFRE, IISc,
IIRS, TERI, IIFM) to propose
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RL
Modalities of REDD+ accounting keeping due note of
UNFCCC decisions and guidance
Vetting of RL and modalities by SFDs, civil society and
Central Government
A nationwide campaign through assistance of civil
society needed for capacity building of forest field
staff, local communities
Strategy for REDD+
Implementation- India
Steps initiated to prepare a national document
in the Ministry of Environment and Forests
outlining strategy for implementation of
REDD+ in India
Will clarify roles and responsibilities of
organizations of government and others as
also a step by step approach for achieving
different milestones necessary for REDD+
implementation
NLBI: Forests & Climate Change
• No specific reporting requirement for
contribution of forests in
– Mitigation
» Size and yearly enhancement of
present sink
» Capability to supply biomass to
replace fossil fuels, metal use in
housing/furniture
NLBI: Forests & Climate Change
• No specific reporting requirement for
contribution of forests in
– Adaptation
» Supplementing food security
» Capability to mitigate wind storms,
floods
» Supply of house construction
material
NLBI: Forests & Climate Change
• No specific reporting requirement for
impact of climate change on forests
– Vegetation change
– Vegetation shift
– Migration of animal species including
insects
– Vulnerability to increased fire
incidences, insect attacks, pathogen
infestation