Download Recombinant DNA.

DNA UNIT:
Learning Outcomes
• It is expected that students will:
• name the four bases in DNA and describe the
structure of DNA using the following terms:
•
nucleotide (sugar, phosphate, base)
•
complementary base pairing
•
double helix
•
hydrogen bonding
DNA UNIT:
Learning outcomes
• describe DNA replication with reference
to three basic steps:
• "unzipping"
• complementary base pairing
• joining of adjacent nucleotides
FOUR DNA NUCLEOTIDES:
BASE
PHOSPHATE
SUGAR
DNA is a polymer:
STRUCTURE OF DNA:
• Base pairs are bonded in a
complementary fashion:
A-T & C-G
• Bonds are hydrogen bonds
• Sides are made from
phosphate and the sugar:
deoxyribose
• Single sugar,phosphate and
base unit are called
nucleotides
DNA REPLICATION
•
DNA replicates
in a semiconservative
manner: each
new helix
contains one
older (parent)
strand and one
new strand.
Enzymes help the process:
DNA Polymerase,Helicase,
and Ligase.
Replication occurs in three
steps:
1.Unzipping of parent strand
2. Complementary pairing of
new nucleotides
3. Hydrogen bonding between
bases
• DNA being
unzipped and
copied:
DNA Unzipping:
1. The enzyme helicase unwinds the parent
strand.
2. The enzyme DNA polymerase binds to each
strand.
3. New nucleotides are matched in a
complementary fashion A-T and C-G.
4. Ligase seals up the phosphate sugar bonds,
hydrogen bonds form between nucleotides.
DNA REPLICATION VIDEO
DNAreplication.ram
Recombinant DNA
• DNA that has been recombined through
genetic engineering is called Recombinant
DNA.
• Often human DNA is combined with bacterial
DNA to get the bacteria to make human
proteins for medicine.
• This process of making Recom. DNA requires
special enzymes: restriction enzymes (cut
DNA); ligase glues DNA together and DNA
polymerase copies DNA.
Please click here to launch the animation.