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Life’s Inner Community
Energy Converting
Organelles
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Life’s Inner Community
Energy Converting
Organelles
Fluid filled
filled
space
where
either
+ or
Outer
membrane
Fluid
Folds
of
thespace
innerwhere
membrane
the
chemical
increase
its
- ions accumulate
forming
surface
reactions
area
of cellular
enhancing
respiration
the aorganelles
occur. ability
chemiosmotic
gradient that drives
to
produce ATP.
Inner membrane
chemical reactions.
Intermembrane
compartment
This membrane is embedded with the
enzymatic proteins that make
ATP as ions
matrix
travel along an chemiosmotic gradient
cristae
created by this barrier.
Energy Converting
Organelles
Life’s Inner Community
Intermembrane
compartment
High H+ conc.
Chemiosmotic
Gradient
ATP
synthase
Inner membrane
ATP
matrix
Low H+ conc.
Outer membrane 1
Inner membrane2
Intermembrane
3
compartment
matrix4
cristae5
Because mitochondrion have their own DNA
and ribosomes and can self-replicate, some cell
biologists have hypothesized that they were
once a free- living protokaryotes (bacteria)
and have since become endosymbionts.
Fact: eukaryotes inherit their
mitochondria from one parent.
Humans inherit mitochondria
from their mother.
Life’s Inner Community
Energy Converting
Organelles
Most of the living
world runs on the
chemical energy
provided by
photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are the are the
photosynthesizing organelles found
in plants and protists.
Gk: chlor ~ green, plast ~ formed, molded
Life’s Inner Community
Energy Converting
Organelles
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Stroma
Thylakoid
Channel
Granum
Chloroplast
Gk: thylak ~ sac, pouch
Life’s Inner Community
Granum
Inner
Stroma
Thylakoid
isare
amembranes
thick
stackfluid
works
of to
Outer membrane
membrane
act
together
where
contain
thylakoids.
sugars
the
with
chlorophyll
are
the made
compartmentalize
the
membrane
from
molecules
CObiochemistry
Suspended
at helping
capturein
complex
of
2. that
compartmentalize
the
light
stroma
energyisfrom
anand
elaborate
the
the
photosynthesis
to sun
help
stroma
network
and
converts
and
of disklike
form
it into
create
chemiosmotic
chemiosmotic
membranous
chemical
gradients.
gradientsenergy.
thatsacs
will called
be used
thylakoids.
to provide the “motive”
force for some reactions.
Energy Converting
Organelles
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Stroma
Thylakoid
Channel
Granum
Chloroplast
Life’s Inner Community
Energy Converting
Organelles
Because Chloroplasts
have their own DNA and
ribosomes and can selfreplicate, some cell biologists
have hypothesized that they
were once a free- living
Chloroplasts
protokaryotes (bacteria) and
have since become
endosymbionts.
Life’s Inner Community
Plastid
Starch Globules
Starch
created by
Plastidsglobules
are double
connecting
membranessugars
storagemade via
photosynthesis.
organelles found in
Starch
the primaryare
raw
plants. is
Chloroplasts
plastids.
can
material Plastids
that phototrophs
store
use topigments,
constructstarch
cell walls.
and lipids as well as
thylakoids.
Energy Converting
Organelles
Mitochondria
Plasma
Membrane
Plastids
Cell Wall
Go to
Part 1