Chapter 1 - York University
... in CO2 are displaced, to some extent, towards the oxygen (which is reduced) and away from the carbon (which is oxidized). ...
... in CO2 are displaced, to some extent, towards the oxygen (which is reduced) and away from the carbon (which is oxidized). ...
A re-evaluation of the ATP :NADPH budget
... between these two extremes. The present work places emphasis on the integrated nature of photosynthesis and proposes that much of the respiratory ATP necessary for whole cell photosynthesis may be generated during the production of C skeletons for N assimilation. Rather than considering dissipative ...
... between these two extremes. The present work places emphasis on the integrated nature of photosynthesis and proposes that much of the respiratory ATP necessary for whole cell photosynthesis may be generated during the production of C skeletons for N assimilation. Rather than considering dissipative ...
In vivo quantification of peroxisome tethering to chloroplasts in
... School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research ...
... School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research ...
Evidence for chloroplast control of external Ca -induced
... Chloroplast, stomatal movement and Ca2+ signal 989 Recently, molecular genetic studies have suggested that chloroplasts may be involved in the generation of cytosolic Ca2+ signals in plant cells. A putative thylakoid membranelocalized Ca2+ carrier protein, PPF1, may regulate flowering time by modul ...
... Chloroplast, stomatal movement and Ca2+ signal 989 Recently, molecular genetic studies have suggested that chloroplasts may be involved in the generation of cytosolic Ca2+ signals in plant cells. A putative thylakoid membranelocalized Ca2+ carrier protein, PPF1, may regulate flowering time by modul ...
Roles of Arabidopsis PARC6 in Coordination of
... both were deleted (Fig. 1A). Radiolabeled precursor proteins (labeled pr in Fig. 1B) produced by in vitro translation of full-length PARC6 and the TMD deletion constructs migrated at approximately their predicted masses on SDS-PAGE gels (Fig. 1B, lane 1). When incubated with isolated chloroplasts, a ...
... both were deleted (Fig. 1A). Radiolabeled precursor proteins (labeled pr in Fig. 1B) produced by in vitro translation of full-length PARC6 and the TMD deletion constructs migrated at approximately their predicted masses on SDS-PAGE gels (Fig. 1B, lane 1). When incubated with isolated chloroplasts, a ...
Intraplastidic Localization of the Enzymesthat Convert Cucumber
... Laboratory of Plant Pigment Biochemistry and Photobiology, 202 ABL, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 these enzymes is more controversial. On the basis of osmotic lysis of crude etiochloroplast preparations accompanied by differential centrifugation, Smith and Rebeiz (27) proposed that ...
... Laboratory of Plant Pigment Biochemistry and Photobiology, 202 ABL, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 these enzymes is more controversial. On the basis of osmotic lysis of crude etiochloroplast preparations accompanied by differential centrifugation, Smith and Rebeiz (27) proposed that ...
Prokaryotic features of a nucleus
... the enzymes from lobster [29 - 311 and B. stearothermophilus [16] demonstrated that the aminoterminal and carboxyterminal moieties of the GAPDH polypeptide are organized as two independent three-dimensional units, which were highly conserved during the divergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes: the c ...
... the enzymes from lobster [29 - 311 and B. stearothermophilus [16] demonstrated that the aminoterminal and carboxyterminal moieties of the GAPDH polypeptide are organized as two independent three-dimensional units, which were highly conserved during the divergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes: the c ...
The Biochemistry of C 4 Photosynthesis
... to malate by NAD-malate dehydrogenase and then the malate is decarboxylated by NAD-ME to feed CO2 to bundle sheath chloroplasts. Thus, bundle sheath mitochondria play a decisive role in this C4 subtype, as illustrated in Fig. 2. The decarboxylation product, pyruvate, is converted to alanine, which i ...
... to malate by NAD-malate dehydrogenase and then the malate is decarboxylated by NAD-ME to feed CO2 to bundle sheath chloroplasts. Thus, bundle sheath mitochondria play a decisive role in this C4 subtype, as illustrated in Fig. 2. The decarboxylation product, pyruvate, is converted to alanine, which i ...
A 1-Megadalton Translocation Complex Containing
... shown to be exposed to the stromal compartment (Jackson et al., 1998). The stromal domain of Tic110 has been proposed to function as a molecular scaffold by binding the preprotein and recruiting the stromal chaperone Hsp93 with the assistance of the putative cochaperone Tic40 (Akita et al., 1997; Ni ...
... shown to be exposed to the stromal compartment (Jackson et al., 1998). The stromal domain of Tic110 has been proposed to function as a molecular scaffold by binding the preprotein and recruiting the stromal chaperone Hsp93 with the assistance of the putative cochaperone Tic40 (Akita et al., 1997; Ni ...
Vaucheria
... ponds or the mud of ditches and bogs, while others are known from diverse habitats Q. 2. Describe the external morphology of Vaucheria? Ans. The plant body of Vaucheria consists of an aseptate, tubular, siphonaceous, irregularly branched, coenocytic filament. It is usually attached to the substratum ...
... ponds or the mud of ditches and bogs, while others are known from diverse habitats Q. 2. Describe the external morphology of Vaucheria? Ans. The plant body of Vaucheria consists of an aseptate, tubular, siphonaceous, irregularly branched, coenocytic filament. It is usually attached to the substratum ...
View - Max-Planck
... eLife digest Many organisms can harvest light to produce their own energy through a process called photosynthesis. In plant and algal cells, photosynthesis takes place within the chloroplasts, which are compartments that contain stacks of structures called thylakoids. Inside the thylakoids, proteins ...
... eLife digest Many organisms can harvest light to produce their own energy through a process called photosynthesis. In plant and algal cells, photosynthesis takes place within the chloroplasts, which are compartments that contain stacks of structures called thylakoids. Inside the thylakoids, proteins ...
Chloroplast envelope membranes: a dynamic interface between
... an amorphous background rich in soluble proteins and ribosomes, the stroma and (c) a pair of outer membranes, the chloroplast envelope. The two limiting envelope membranes are actually the only permanent membrane structure of the different types of plastids (proplastids, chloroplasts, chromoplasts, ...
... an amorphous background rich in soluble proteins and ribosomes, the stroma and (c) a pair of outer membranes, the chloroplast envelope. The two limiting envelope membranes are actually the only permanent membrane structure of the different types of plastids (proplastids, chloroplasts, chromoplasts, ...
Limonene_Synthase-Plant Physiol.-1999-Turner-879-86
... 1993). However, preliminary immunohistochemistry indicated the presence of an antigen target in only the glandular (not the nonglandular) cells. Further investigations showed dense, specific labeling with the anti-limonene synthase antibodies to the stroma of leucoplasts of the disc cells from secre ...
... 1993). However, preliminary immunohistochemistry indicated the presence of an antigen target in only the glandular (not the nonglandular) cells. Further investigations showed dense, specific labeling with the anti-limonene synthase antibodies to the stroma of leucoplasts of the disc cells from secre ...
Polypeptide Composition of Envelopes of Spinach Chloroplasts
... and thawing (Cline et al. 1981) and mechanical homogenization (Block et al. 1983). In the present study, we used the freezing and thawing method because better separation was obtained (data not shown). When intact chloroplasts were broken by rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen, the yield of envelope m ...
... and thawing (Cline et al. 1981) and mechanical homogenization (Block et al. 1983). In the present study, we used the freezing and thawing method because better separation was obtained (data not shown). When intact chloroplasts were broken by rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen, the yield of envelope m ...
The Biochemical Machinery of Plastid Envelope
... by the enzyme in addition to the prokaryotic 18:1/16:0 diacylglycerol synthesized directly within the inner envelope membrane (Maréchal et al., 1994). The kinetic properties of the envelope MGDG synthase could explain the synthesis of prokaryotic and eukaryotic MGDG molecular species. Finally, MGDG ...
... by the enzyme in addition to the prokaryotic 18:1/16:0 diacylglycerol synthesized directly within the inner envelope membrane (Maréchal et al., 1994). The kinetic properties of the envelope MGDG synthase could explain the synthesis of prokaryotic and eukaryotic MGDG molecular species. Finally, MGDG ...
Calvin Cycle
... Binding of either RuBP or a transition state analog to RuBP Carboxylase causes a conformational change to a "closed" conformation in which access of solvent water to the active site is blocked. RuBP Carboxylase (RuBisCO) can spontaneously deactivate by decarbamylation. In the absence of the carbama ...
... Binding of either RuBP or a transition state analog to RuBP Carboxylase causes a conformational change to a "closed" conformation in which access of solvent water to the active site is blocked. RuBP Carboxylase (RuBisCO) can spontaneously deactivate by decarbamylation. In the absence of the carbama ...
Chloroplast phosphoglycerate kinase from Euglena gracilis
... cytosolic and and chloroplast PGK protein sequences from Euglena gracilis with a representative sample of homologues from archaebacteria, eubacteria and eukaryotes was generated from LogDet distances based on a CLUSTALW alignment of the sequences (Fig. 4). As seen in many other analyses involving pr ...
... cytosolic and and chloroplast PGK protein sequences from Euglena gracilis with a representative sample of homologues from archaebacteria, eubacteria and eukaryotes was generated from LogDet distances based on a CLUSTALW alignment of the sequences (Fig. 4). As seen in many other analyses involving pr ...
Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes
... Mitochondria contain their own genetic system, which is separate and distinct from the nuclear genome of the cell. Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from bacteria that developed a symbiotic relationship in which they lived within larger cells (endosymbiosis). This hypothesis has recently been ...
... Mitochondria contain their own genetic system, which is separate and distinct from the nuclear genome of the cell. Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from bacteria that developed a symbiotic relationship in which they lived within larger cells (endosymbiosis). This hypothesis has recently been ...
Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) lmport into Chloroplasts Does not
... lmport of the acyl carrier protein (ACP) precursor into the chloroplast resulted in two products of about 14 kilodalton (kD) and 18 kD when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Time, course experiments indicate that the latter is a modification derivative of the 14- ...
... lmport of the acyl carrier protein (ACP) precursor into the chloroplast resulted in two products of about 14 kilodalton (kD) and 18 kD when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Time, course experiments indicate that the latter is a modification derivative of the 14- ...
Salinity Response in Chloroplasts: Insights from Gene
... leading to severe ROS-associated damage to chloroplasts. ROS seriously disrupt normal metabolism through oxidative damage to lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, resulting in protein destruction and the peroxidation of membrane lipids [14]. Therefore, antioxidant enzyme systems and non-enzymatic ant ...
... leading to severe ROS-associated damage to chloroplasts. ROS seriously disrupt normal metabolism through oxidative damage to lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, resulting in protein destruction and the peroxidation of membrane lipids [14]. Therefore, antioxidant enzyme systems and non-enzymatic ant ...
Rubisco
... inorganic phosphate for photophosphorylation ATP synthesis. It will also move NADPH synthesized by photorespiration into cytosol. NADPH will be converted to NADH during this process. ...
... inorganic phosphate for photophosphorylation ATP synthesis. It will also move NADPH synthesized by photorespiration into cytosol. NADPH will be converted to NADH during this process. ...
Rubisco
... (3) Regeneration of ribulose 1,5bisphosphate from triose phosphate Fructose 6-phosphate is an important branchpoint. Cell can choose to synthesize starch or regenerate ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate from F-6-P. Animals do not have these following enzymes so they can not perform photosynthesis: Sedohept ...
... (3) Regeneration of ribulose 1,5bisphosphate from triose phosphate Fructose 6-phosphate is an important branchpoint. Cell can choose to synthesize starch or regenerate ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate from F-6-P. Animals do not have these following enzymes so they can not perform photosynthesis: Sedohept ...
(EC 2.2.1.1) active in the Calvin cycle of spinach chloroplasts
... trophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha TKL functions as a formaldehyde-accepting dihydroxyacetone synthase (DHAS) during methanol assimilation [ 19]. Comparatively little is known about the plant transketolase enzyme. Some previous studies indicated that higher plants in general might possess chloroplas ...
... trophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha TKL functions as a formaldehyde-accepting dihydroxyacetone synthase (DHAS) during methanol assimilation [ 19]. Comparatively little is known about the plant transketolase enzyme. Some previous studies indicated that higher plants in general might possess chloroplas ...
Regulation of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase and
... chloroplasts show an activation by light and deactivation in the dark. The stim ulation o f acetyl-CoA carboxylase by dithiothreitol in darkened chloroplasts points to an involvem ent o f reducing equivalents in the light activation o f this enzyme. But more than by alterations o f the activation st ...
... chloroplasts show an activation by light and deactivation in the dark. The stim ulation o f acetyl-CoA carboxylase by dithiothreitol in darkened chloroplasts points to an involvem ent o f reducing equivalents in the light activation o f this enzyme. But more than by alterations o f the activation st ...
Chloroplast
Chloroplasts /ˈklɔrəplæsts/ are organelles, specialized subunits, in plant and algal cells. Their discovery inside plant cells is usually credited to Julius von Sachs (1832–1897), an influential botanist and author of standard botanical textbooks – sometimes called ""The Father of Plant Physiology"". Their main role is to conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight and converts it and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water. They then use the ATP and NADPH to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle. Chloroplasts carry out a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis, much amino acid synthesis, and the immune response in plants. The number of chloroplasts per cell varies from 1 in algae up to 100 in plants like Arabidopsis and wheat.A chloroplast is one of three types of plastids, characterized by its high concentration of chlorophyll (the other two types, the leucoplast and the chromoplast, contain little chlorophyll and do not carry out photosynthesis).Chloroplasts are highly dynamic—they circulate and are moved around within plant cells, and occasionally pinch in two to reproduce. Their behavior is strongly influenced by environmental factors like light color and intensity. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, contain their own DNA, which is thought to be inherited from their ancestor—a photosynthetic cyanobacterium that was engulfed by an early eukaryotic cell. Chloroplasts cannot be made by the plant cell and must be inherited by each daughter cell during cell division.With one exception (the amoeboid Paulinella chromatophora), all chloroplasts can probably be traced back to a single endosymbiotic event (the cyanobacterium being engulfed by the eukaryote). Despite this, chloroplasts can be found in an extremely wide set of organisms, some not even directly related to each other—a consequence of many secondary and even tertiary endosymbiotic events.The word chloroplast (Greek: χλωροπλάστης) is derived from the Greek words chloros (χλωρός), which means green, and plastes (πλάστης), which means ""the one who forms"".