Knocking Down of Isoprene Emission Modiies the
... transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Representative micrographs of chloroplasts from IE and NE specimens are shown in Figures 3 and 4. The typical elliptic shape of mesophyll chloroplasts was more oval in NE than in IE specimens (Fig. 3). The mesophyll cells of IE leaves are characterize ...
... transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Representative micrographs of chloroplasts from IE and NE specimens are shown in Figures 3 and 4. The typical elliptic shape of mesophyll chloroplasts was more oval in NE than in IE specimens (Fig. 3). The mesophyll cells of IE leaves are characterize ...
Characterization of Chloroplast Division Using the Arabidopsis
... development they enlarge in size and the amount of thylakoid membrane increases and becomes more aligned. Leaf primordial cells from arc5 are shown in Figure 4b and cells from Landsberg erecta seedlings are shown in Figure 4d. The number of chloroplast profiles per cell is similar in wild-type and a ...
... development they enlarge in size and the amount of thylakoid membrane increases and becomes more aligned. Leaf primordial cells from arc5 are shown in Figure 4b and cells from Landsberg erecta seedlings are shown in Figure 4d. The number of chloroplast profiles per cell is similar in wild-type and a ...
Processing of a Wheat Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Protein
... method of Bartlett et al. (2), resuspended in HSM, and centrifuged for 1 min at 1,600 g. The pellet was resuspended in 5 mM Hepes-KOH, pH 8, to lyse the chloroplasts. The membrane fraction was pelleted by centrifugation for 10 rain at 16000 g, and resuspended in 5 mM Hepes and assayed for activity; ...
... method of Bartlett et al. (2), resuspended in HSM, and centrifuged for 1 min at 1,600 g. The pellet was resuspended in 5 mM Hepes-KOH, pH 8, to lyse the chloroplasts. The membrane fraction was pelleted by centrifugation for 10 rain at 16000 g, and resuspended in 5 mM Hepes and assayed for activity; ...
A Rice Plastidial Nucleotide Sugar Epimerase Is Involved in
... nucleoside-diphosphate sugar epimerases (Figure S3). One of the best characterized nucleotide sugar epimerases is UDP-Glc epimerase, which catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-Glc and UDP-Gal. Hence, PHD1 and its homologs may function as novel plant specific UDP-Glc epimerases. To validate PHD1’s bi ...
... nucleoside-diphosphate sugar epimerases (Figure S3). One of the best characterized nucleotide sugar epimerases is UDP-Glc epimerase, which catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-Glc and UDP-Gal. Hence, PHD1 and its homologs may function as novel plant specific UDP-Glc epimerases. To validate PHD1’s bi ...
the diversity of plastid - University of Wisconsin Oshkosh
... Plastids are semiautonomous organelles found, in one form or another, in practically all plant and algal cells, several taxa of marine mollusks and at least one phylum of parasitic protists. The members of the plastid family play pivotal roles in photosynthesis, amino acid and lipid synthesis, starc ...
... Plastids are semiautonomous organelles found, in one form or another, in practically all plant and algal cells, several taxa of marine mollusks and at least one phylum of parasitic protists. The members of the plastid family play pivotal roles in photosynthesis, amino acid and lipid synthesis, starc ...
Immunolocalization of maize transglutaminase and its substrates in
... mesophyll chloroplasts of the maize C4-photosynthesis cell system, supports the relation between this TGase and the presence of grana, leading to the hypothesis that the presence of chloroplast TGase is concomitant with that of PSII in the greening process and grana formation. With respect to the de ...
... mesophyll chloroplasts of the maize C4-photosynthesis cell system, supports the relation between this TGase and the presence of grana, leading to the hypothesis that the presence of chloroplast TGase is concomitant with that of PSII in the greening process and grana formation. With respect to the de ...
Assembly, Function, and Dynamics of the
... The primary reactions of photosynthesis take place in the thylakoid membranes within the chloroplast. An important advantage of C. reinhardtii is that the functional state of its photosynthetic system can be monitored in vivo with noninvasive techniques such as chlorophyll fluorescence transients, a ...
... The primary reactions of photosynthesis take place in the thylakoid membranes within the chloroplast. An important advantage of C. reinhardtii is that the functional state of its photosynthetic system can be monitored in vivo with noninvasive techniques such as chlorophyll fluorescence transients, a ...
Chloroplast structure: from chlorophyll granules to supra
... cytoplasmically synthesized proteins into the chloroplasts. Components of the stroma include the enzymes involved in carbon fixation, circular DNA anchored to the thylakoids, ribosomes, starch granules and plastoglobuli. ...
... cytoplasmically synthesized proteins into the chloroplasts. Components of the stroma include the enzymes involved in carbon fixation, circular DNA anchored to the thylakoids, ribosomes, starch granules and plastoglobuli. ...
Chloroplast anchoring: its implications for the
... In protonemal cells of a fern, Adiantum capillus-veneris, circular arrays of actin filaments associated with each chloroplast appeared after the termination of photorelocation movement and disappeared before the chloroplasts retrieved their motility in darkness (Kadota and Wada, 1992). The character ...
... In protonemal cells of a fern, Adiantum capillus-veneris, circular arrays of actin filaments associated with each chloroplast appeared after the termination of photorelocation movement and disappeared before the chloroplasts retrieved their motility in darkness (Kadota and Wada, 1992). The character ...
Deletion of the Chloroplast-Localized Thylakoid Formation1 Gene
... light, also play important roles in triggering chloroplast development and orchestrating gene expression required for plastid function (Anderson, 1986). In spite of the dependence of plants on the photosynthesis occurring on chloroplast thylakoid membranes, there is much to be learned regarding the ...
... light, also play important roles in triggering chloroplast development and orchestrating gene expression required for plastid function (Anderson, 1986). In spite of the dependence of plants on the photosynthesis occurring on chloroplast thylakoid membranes, there is much to be learned regarding the ...
A Toc75-like protein import channel is abundant in chloroplasts
... 1990; Flack et al., 1995). We conclude that atToc75-V represents the most ancestral or earliest form of a Toc75-like channel, which was further modified during endosymbiosis. The Toc75 channels and their bacterial homologues are most highly conserved in the C-terminal region. Here, four domains that ...
... 1990; Flack et al., 1995). We conclude that atToc75-V represents the most ancestral or earliest form of a Toc75-like channel, which was further modified during endosymbiosis. The Toc75 channels and their bacterial homologues are most highly conserved in the C-terminal region. Here, four domains that ...
A Toc75like protein import channel is abundant in
... 1990; Flack et al., 1995). We conclude that atToc75-V represents the most ancestral or earliest form of a Toc75-like channel, which was further modified during endosymbiosis. The Toc75 channels and their bacterial homologues are most highly conserved in the C-terminal region. Here, four domains that ...
... 1990; Flack et al., 1995). We conclude that atToc75-V represents the most ancestral or earliest form of a Toc75-like channel, which was further modified during endosymbiosis. The Toc75 channels and their bacterial homologues are most highly conserved in the C-terminal region. Here, four domains that ...
CPP1
... protein of POR 1 (CPP1), an essential protein for chloroplast development, plays a role in the regulation of POR stability and function. CPP1 contains a J-like domain and three transmembrane domains and is localized in the thylakoid and envelope membranes, and interacts with POR isoforms in chloropl ...
... protein of POR 1 (CPP1), an essential protein for chloroplast development, plays a role in the regulation of POR stability and function. CPP1 contains a J-like domain and three transmembrane domains and is localized in the thylakoid and envelope membranes, and interacts with POR isoforms in chloropl ...
SI Worksheet 7
... 4. _________ enters the stoma of a plant and ______ leaves the stoma 5. ________________ are the disc like structures found inside Chloroplast 6. Site of capturing solar energy occurs on the surface of the ______________ 7. Stacks of thylakoids form ______________ 8. ____________ is the pigment mole ...
... 4. _________ enters the stoma of a plant and ______ leaves the stoma 5. ________________ are the disc like structures found inside Chloroplast 6. Site of capturing solar energy occurs on the surface of the ______________ 7. Stacks of thylakoids form ______________ 8. ____________ is the pigment mole ...
Chloroplast Distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana (L
... Upon illumination with actinic light, chloroplasts undergo rearrangements in the cells that result in changes in the light transmitted through the leaf tissue. Transmission changes were measured with monochromatic 660-nm radiation of 0.05 W m-’ modulated with a frequency of 800Hz (Gabryi and Walczak ...
... Upon illumination with actinic light, chloroplasts undergo rearrangements in the cells that result in changes in the light transmitted through the leaf tissue. Transmission changes were measured with monochromatic 660-nm radiation of 0.05 W m-’ modulated with a frequency of 800Hz (Gabryi and Walczak ...
Chapter 6-Photosynthesis
... the stroma to combine with NADP and make NADPH. (2) Increasing the carbon dioxide concentration makes more of it available to enter the Calvin Cycle, thus accelerating photosynthesis. As the carbon dioxide levels rise still higher, the rate of photosynthesis begins to become limited by other compone ...
... the stroma to combine with NADP and make NADPH. (2) Increasing the carbon dioxide concentration makes more of it available to enter the Calvin Cycle, thus accelerating photosynthesis. As the carbon dioxide levels rise still higher, the rate of photosynthesis begins to become limited by other compone ...
A model of chloroplast growth regulation in mesophyll cells
... 2. Similar to the data in Pyke and Leech (1992), each of the three types displayed linear relationships of similar slope, with scatter that scaled with cell size. The transgenic types – with larger and more irregularly shaped chloroplasts than the wild type – presented with more scatter; see the R2 ...
... 2. Similar to the data in Pyke and Leech (1992), each of the three types displayed linear relationships of similar slope, with scatter that scaled with cell size. The transgenic types – with larger and more irregularly shaped chloroplasts than the wild type – presented with more scatter; see the R2 ...
Studying photosynthetic organisms from different angles
... the α subunit has been replaced by Cys. The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Figure II.2) is an excellent model organism in which to investigate PSII function as it is able to survive heterotrophically when supplied with a carbon source. The mutant assembles PSII at 20% of WT levels, it is more ...
... the α subunit has been replaced by Cys. The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Figure II.2) is an excellent model organism in which to investigate PSII function as it is able to survive heterotrophically when supplied with a carbon source. The mutant assembles PSII at 20% of WT levels, it is more ...
Document
... Light is alpha and omega for the ’green’ cell • The cell depends completely on light as a source of energy ...
... Light is alpha and omega for the ’green’ cell • The cell depends completely on light as a source of energy ...
Document
... Light is alpha and omega for the ’green’ cell • The cell depends completely on light as a source of energy ...
... Light is alpha and omega for the ’green’ cell • The cell depends completely on light as a source of energy ...
Calvin Cycle
... sugar from carbon dioxide – ATP generated by the light reactions provides the energy for ...
... sugar from carbon dioxide – ATP generated by the light reactions provides the energy for ...
3. Taxonomy and classification of Algae
... Their thylakoids, which lie free in the cytoplasm, are not arranged in stacks, but singled and equidistant, in contrast to prochlorophytes and most other algae, but similar to Rhodopyta and Glaucophyta. The reserve polysaccharide is cyanophycean starch, stored in tiny granules lying between the thyl ...
... Their thylakoids, which lie free in the cytoplasm, are not arranged in stacks, but singled and equidistant, in contrast to prochlorophytes and most other algae, but similar to Rhodopyta and Glaucophyta. The reserve polysaccharide is cyanophycean starch, stored in tiny granules lying between the thyl ...
Epidermal Pavement Cells of Arabidopsis Have
... Plastids are multifunctional, pleomorphic organelles of purported endosymbiotic origin that in plants and green algae display a characteristic double membrane envelope (Wise, 2007). All plastids originate from colorless proplastids, and a simple pigmentation-based classification distinguishes chloro ...
... Plastids are multifunctional, pleomorphic organelles of purported endosymbiotic origin that in plants and green algae display a characteristic double membrane envelope (Wise, 2007). All plastids originate from colorless proplastids, and a simple pigmentation-based classification distinguishes chloro ...
Biogenesis and origin of thylakoid membranes
... chloroplasts are found close to the tip. Ultra-thin sections revealed that during the progress of chloroplast maturation the internal membrane system builds up in consecutive phases. First, long lamella are formed which are later complemented by smaller, disc-shaped structures that associate into so ...
... chloroplasts are found close to the tip. Ultra-thin sections revealed that during the progress of chloroplast maturation the internal membrane system builds up in consecutive phases. First, long lamella are formed which are later complemented by smaller, disc-shaped structures that associate into so ...
Challenges to our current view on chloroplasts
... were, according to Hanson and Sattarzadeh (2008), concerned that they might see artifacts of transgene expression. However, they noticed that similar structures had been reported sporadically in the prevalent literature for many years (reviewed in Gray et al., 2001; Kwok and Hanson, 2004a). One such ...
... were, according to Hanson and Sattarzadeh (2008), concerned that they might see artifacts of transgene expression. However, they noticed that similar structures had been reported sporadically in the prevalent literature for many years (reviewed in Gray et al., 2001; Kwok and Hanson, 2004a). One such ...
Chloroplast
Chloroplasts /ˈklɔrəplæsts/ are organelles, specialized subunits, in plant and algal cells. Their discovery inside plant cells is usually credited to Julius von Sachs (1832–1897), an influential botanist and author of standard botanical textbooks – sometimes called ""The Father of Plant Physiology"". Their main role is to conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight and converts it and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water. They then use the ATP and NADPH to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle. Chloroplasts carry out a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis, much amino acid synthesis, and the immune response in plants. The number of chloroplasts per cell varies from 1 in algae up to 100 in plants like Arabidopsis and wheat.A chloroplast is one of three types of plastids, characterized by its high concentration of chlorophyll (the other two types, the leucoplast and the chromoplast, contain little chlorophyll and do not carry out photosynthesis).Chloroplasts are highly dynamic—they circulate and are moved around within plant cells, and occasionally pinch in two to reproduce. Their behavior is strongly influenced by environmental factors like light color and intensity. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, contain their own DNA, which is thought to be inherited from their ancestor—a photosynthetic cyanobacterium that was engulfed by an early eukaryotic cell. Chloroplasts cannot be made by the plant cell and must be inherited by each daughter cell during cell division.With one exception (the amoeboid Paulinella chromatophora), all chloroplasts can probably be traced back to a single endosymbiotic event (the cyanobacterium being engulfed by the eukaryote). Despite this, chloroplasts can be found in an extremely wide set of organisms, some not even directly related to each other—a consequence of many secondary and even tertiary endosymbiotic events.The word chloroplast (Greek: χλωροπλάστης) is derived from the Greek words chloros (χλωρός), which means green, and plastes (πλάστης), which means ""the one who forms"".