Download Genetic Technology

Genetic Technology
DNA Technology
Genetic Engineering
ALL THE SAME
Genetic Engineering: DNA
Technology
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process of making changes in the
DNA code of living organisms
uses DNA technology to cure
diseases, treat genetic disorders,
improve food crops, etc.
How do we make changes
to DNA of an organism???
USING….Restriction Enzymes:
 bacterial enzymes
 act like scissors that
cut DNA molecules
at specific sites
 create sticky ends that can easily bind to
complementary DNA and form new
sequences of nucleotides
Plasmids are:
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ring of DNA found in a bacterium (bacteria)
in addition to its main chromosome
these plasmids can be cut with restriction
enzymes, allowing other genes (donor
genes) to be spliced into the plasmid
once gene has been spliced into plasmid,
the plasmid is returned to the bacteria

insulin production
Plasmids are:
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the bacteria then divides, giving copies
of the new gene
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recombinant DNA- combination of DNA
from two or more sources
Ex.: inserting human gene for insulin
into bacteria in order to produce large
amounts of insulin for people whose
bodies do not produce enough
MORE DNA Technology
Techniques:
1.
DNA Fingerprinting: pattern of bands
made up of specific fragments from an
organism's DNA
•Uses:
-determining relationships between
individuals
-determining how closely species are
related
-helping solve crimes
DNA Fingerprinting
How it works:
use RFLP analysis to (omit) extract DNA
and cut it using restriction enzymes
 gel electrophoresis: DNA placed into
wells made on a gel; fragments or
segments of DNA are then separated
based on size and charge
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Gel-Electrophoresis-Animation-
Polymerase Chain
Reaction (PCR)
used to quickly make many
 copies of selected segments of
DNA, only requires tiny
amounts of DNA
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Conceiving a Clone: Media Center
Human Genome Project
(began in 1990)
Purposes:
 to determine the nucleotide sequence of the
entire human genome (approx. 3 billion
nucleotide pairs)
 to map the location of every gene on each
chromosome
 improve diagnoses, treatments, and cures for
genetic diseases
Human Genome Proj.

J. Craig Venter: Designing Life - 60
Minutes - CBS News
Cloning:
A group of genetically
Identical cells
 May be produces
asexually… (Mitosis)
 Growing Body Parts
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Gene Therapy
treating a genetic disorder by
introducing a gene into a cell or by
correcting a gene defect in a cell's
genome
 involves ethical decisions - Ex.
insurance companies

To Rw. Practical Uses of DNA
Technology:
produce pharmaceutical products
inexpensively
 Ex. insulin
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Practical Uses of DNA
Technology:
produce effective vaccines
 interesting research--scientists
are creating a banana vaccine to
vaccinate children against viral
diseases like Hepatitis B

Practical Uses of DNA
Technology:
Increase agricultural yields by:
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protecting plants by transferring
genes that are harmful to pests into
the plants
producing plants that are resistant to
weed-controlling chemicals
(herbicides)
developing plants that do not require
fertilizers to grow
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NOVA | scienceNOW | Personal DNA
Testing | PBS
NOVA Online | Cracking the Code of Life
| Watch the Program Here
Safety and Environmental
Issues
genetically engineered foods
may contain toxins, making
people allergic to the foods
 genetically engineered crops
may take over the native plant
species
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Example of Genetic Engineering:
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producing
tomatoes that
ripen without
becoming soft
and are
supposed to
taste better
than
commercially
grown